Week 7 Part 2 Flashcards
Thromboangiitis Obliterans
inflammatory thrombotic process resulting from vasculitis
Thromboangiitis Obliterans affects
peripheral blood vessels (arteries and veins)
Thromboangiitis Obliterans there is
_________ formation
Vasospasm occluding and eventually obliterating
thrombus
small and medium sized vessels of the hands and feet
Thromboangiitis Obliterans high incidence in
smoker men < 40 y
Thromboangiitis Obliterans Clinical Manifestations
pain and tenderness
reduced blood flow and O2
Intermittent claudication of the
arch of the foot or palm of the hand
- Pain may be asymmetrical and varied in its location
Thromboangiitis Obliterans other symptoms
Edema, cold sensitivity, rubor,
cyanosis, thin shiny hairless skin, paresthesias,
diminished or absent pulses
Ulceration and gangrene
Thromboangiitis Obliterans Management
Cessation of smoking
Improving circulation to the affected part
vasodilators and pain relief
Arterial Occlusive Diseases usually occur as a result of
atherosclerosis
Arterial Occlusive Diseases other causes
Trauma, thrombus or embolism,
vasculitis, vasomotor disorders (spasm),
polycythemia, chronic mechanical irritation
Arterial Occlusive Diseases in brain results in
results in hemiplegia, weakness, blurred vision
Arterial Occlusive Diseases in intestines
ischemic colitis
Signs and Symptoms of Arterial Insufficiency include
Diminished distal pulses
Pain, numbness, cold, tingling or changes in sensation
Skin color changes and hair loss
Pallor, especially when elevated
Venous filling delayed following foot elevation
> 30 seconds
Weakness and muscle spasm in the extremity distal to block
Intermittent claudication
Death of tissue due to gangrene
Arterial Occlusive Diseases > 30 sec indicates
arterial disease
Normal is 15-20 sec
Arterial Occlusive Diseases can also result in
ulcers (foot/lateral malleolus)
Arterial Occlusive Diseases Treatment
walking to point of a little pain then rest
Anticoagulation therapy
Protection of the limb
Embolectomy
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans
Proliferation of the intima causes
obliteration ofthe lumen of the artery
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Risk Factors
Same as for coronary atherosclerosis
Common in elderly
Develops in DM and smoker
In Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) there is bilateral, progressive, intermittent claudication present in _______
Exacerbated by ______ and relieved by _______
calf muscles
Walking, rest
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Clinical Manifestations
Diameter of vessels narrows by 50%
Large and medium sized arteries with some branches
Symptoms occur distal to narrowing
Acute ischemia (pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, and pulselessness)
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
_________ on elevation
pallor
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
_________ when sitting for long period of time
rubor
Arteriosclerosis Obliterans (Peripheral Arterial Disease (PAD)
Treatment
Smoking cessation
dietary mangement
Daily walking to improve collateralization and function (graded walking, treadmill)
Prevent skin breakdown and injury
Medications, e.g., antiplatelet drugs, statins, antihypertensive
Surgical interventions, e.g., angioplasties
A life-threatening condition if a thrombus breaks off from the vessel wall and is carried to the
heart, brain, lungs as an embolism
Occlusive disease of LE Arteries
Distal Aortal and Iliac
Bilateral, progressive, intermittent claudication
It can affect calf, gluteal, quadriceps presenting as thigh and buttock pain
Occlusive disease of LE Arteries
Femoral and Popliteal
Intermittent claudication of calf or foot
Pallor, coolness, dependent rubor, pulselessness, gangrene
Tibial and Common Peroneal
Arterial ulcers
Claudication
Pain at rest
Skin is shiny and fissures and cracks are common
