CV System Flashcards

1
Q

Pericardium

A

Outer layer of heart wall

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

Visceral layer of serous pericardium

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3
Q

Myocardium

A

Heart muscle

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4
Q

Endocardium

A

Most inner layer

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5
Q

Leading Risks of CVD

A

HTN

High Cholesterol

Smoking

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6
Q

Signs/Symtpoms of CVD

Chest, neck, and arm pain, jaw pain due to

A

Ischemia, MI, Pericarditis, endocarditis, valve dysfunction, aneurysm

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7
Q

Signs and Symptoms of CVD
Anemia causing

A

Lack of oxygen to myocardium

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8
Q

Signs/Symptoms CVD
Could be associated with

A

Nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), dyspnea, fatigue, pallor (yellow appearance)

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9
Q

Signs and Symptoms of CVD
May radiate to

A

C3/4 dermatome

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10
Q

Signs and Symptoms of CVD
Can be confused with

A

Ulnar nerve

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11
Q

Angina is chest pain when the heart doesn’t

A

Get enough O2

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12
Q

Angina can be mistaken with

A

Indigestion

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13
Q

Palpitations are irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia) that can occur due to

A

Caffeine
Anxiety
Exercise

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14
Q

Benign Palpitations

A

Caffeine
Menopause
Side effects of meds
Hyperthyroidism

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15
Q

Dyspnea can be

A

Cardiac or pulmonary in origin

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16
Q

Dyspnea on exertion may be

A

Indicative of impairment

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17
Q

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea

A

SOB that awakens a person sleepin in a supine position

18
Q

Orthopnea

A

SOB that occurs when lying flat

19
Q

Dyspnea relief w/ change in body position indicates

A

Pulmonary issue

20
Q

Cough typically associated with

A

Pulmonary conditions

21
Q

LV dysfunction may result in

A

Pulmonary edema (swelling of blood)

22
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish lips, nail beds, fingers, toes
Dark people: gray
Inadequate O2 levels

23
Q

Peripheral edema is a hallmark of
Often

A

RV Failure
Bilateral and dependent

24
Q

Peripheral Edema often associated with

A

Jugular vein distention
Ascites
RUQ pain

25
Q

Claudication is _______ due to _______

A

Leg pain or cramping due to PVD or CAD

26
Q

Claudication treatment

A

Walking in intervals

27
Q

Cardiac Syncope is fainting and light headedness due to I _____ leading to _______

A

Reduced O2 to brain
Arrhythmias
Poor Ventricular function
CAD

28
Q

Fatigue provoked by

A

Minimal exertions

29
Q

Aging and CV system
Reduction in # of

30
Q

Aging and CV System
Cardiac ______

31
Q

Aging and CV System
Increased ventricular stiffness and impaired

A

Diastolic function

32
Q

Aging and CV system
Impaired autonomic reflex

A

Control of HR

33
Q

Aging and CV system
Brown atrophy is the accumulation of

A

Damage to protein

34
Q

Aging and CV system
Arterial walls

35
Q

aging and CV system
Aorta is

A

Dilated and elongated

36
Q

Aging and CV system
Increased ________ and its severity

A

Arteriosclerosis

37
Q

Aging and CV system
Changes in functional capacity with

A

Exercise (HR, CO)

38
Q

Major disorders of the myocardium

A

Ischemic Heart Disease

Coronary Heart Disease

Coronary Artery Disease

39
Q

Coronary arteries carry

A

O2 to myocardium

40
Q

When arteries are narrowed or blocked, the heart muscle becomes

A

Ischemic, injured and infarction may result