CV System Flashcards
Pericardium
Outer layer of heart wall
Epicardium
Visceral layer of serous pericardium
Myocardium
Heart muscle
Endocardium
Most inner layer
Leading Risks of CVD
HTN
High Cholesterol
Smoking
Signs/Symtpoms of CVD
Chest, neck, and arm pain, jaw pain due to
Ischemia, MI, Pericarditis, endocarditis, valve dysfunction, aneurysm
Signs and Symptoms of CVD
Anemia causing
Lack of oxygen to myocardium
Signs/Symptoms CVD
Could be associated with
Nausea, vomiting, diaphoresis (sweating), dyspnea, fatigue, pallor (yellow appearance)
Signs and Symptoms of CVD
May radiate to
C3/4 dermatome
Signs and Symptoms of CVD
Can be confused with
Ulnar nerve
Angina is chest pain when the heart doesn’t
Get enough O2
Angina can be mistaken with
Indigestion
Palpitations are irregular heartbeats (arrhythmia) that can occur due to
Caffeine
Anxiety
Exercise
Benign Palpitations
Caffeine
Menopause
Side effects of meds
Hyperthyroidism
Dyspnea can be
Cardiac or pulmonary in origin
Dyspnea on exertion may be
Indicative of impairment
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnea
SOB that awakens a person sleepin in a supine position
Orthopnea
SOB that occurs when lying flat
Dyspnea relief w/ change in body position indicates
Pulmonary issue
Cough typically associated with
Pulmonary conditions
LV dysfunction may result in
Pulmonary edema (swelling of blood)
Cyanosis
Bluish lips, nail beds, fingers, toes
Dark people: gray
Inadequate O2 levels
Peripheral edema is a hallmark of
Often
RV Failure
Bilateral and dependent
Peripheral Edema often associated with
Jugular vein distention
Ascites
RUQ pain
Claudication is _______ due to _______
Leg pain or cramping due to PVD or CAD
Claudication treatment
Walking in intervals
Cardiac Syncope is fainting and light headedness due to I _____ leading to _______
Reduced O2 to brain
Arrhythmias
Poor Ventricular function
CAD
Fatigue provoked by
Minimal exertions
Aging and CV system
Reduction in # of
Myocytes
Aging and CV System
Cardiac ______
Fibrosis
Aging and CV System
Increased ventricular stiffness and impaired
Diastolic function
Aging and CV system
Impaired autonomic reflex
Control of HR
Aging and CV system
Brown atrophy is the accumulation of
Damage to protein
Aging and CV system
Arterial walls
Stiffen
aging and CV system
Aorta is
Dilated and elongated
Aging and CV system
Increased ________ and its severity
Arteriosclerosis
Aging and CV system
Changes in functional capacity with
Exercise (HR, CO)
Major disorders of the myocardium
Ischemic Heart Disease
Coronary Heart Disease
Coronary Artery Disease
Coronary arteries carry
O2 to myocardium
When arteries are narrowed or blocked, the heart muscle becomes
Ischemic, injured and infarction may result