Oncology

Question 1

Carcinoma

Answer 1

Most common form of cancer

Question 2

Carcinoma formed by

Answer 2

Epithelial cells

Question 3

Epithelium

Answer 3

Covers all external body surfaces and lines all internal spaces, organs and cavities

Question 4

Sarcoma formed in

Answer 4

Soft tissue and bones

Question 5

Most common cancer of bone

Answer 5

Osteosarcoma

Question 6

Leukemia

Answer 6

Begins in the blood forming tissue of bone marrow
Does not form solid tumors

Question 7

Large numbers of abnormal WBCs (leukemia cells and leukemic bast cells) build up in the

Answer 7

Blood and bone marrow

Question 8

Lymphoma begins in

Answer 8

Lymphocytes (T cells or B cells)

Question 9

Lymphoma
Abnormal lymphocytes build up in the

Answer 9

Lymph nodes
Lymph vessels
Organs

Question 10

Brain tumors can be

Answer 10

Benign or malignant

Question 11

Germ cell tumors begin in the cells that become

Answer 11

Sperm or eggs

Question 12

Neuroendocrine tumors form from cells that

Answer 12

Release hormones into the blood stream

Question 13

Low grade tumors have better

Answer 13

Prognostic clinical outcomes

Question 14

Grade 1 Tumor

Answer 14

Cancer cells resemble normal cells and are slow growing
Well differentiated

Question 15

Grade II Tumor

Answer 15

Cancer cells look more abnormal and are slightly faster growing
Moderately differentiated

Question 16

Grade III Tumor

Answer 16

Cancer cells are abnormal; grow or spread more aggressively
Poorly differentiated

Question 17

Grade IV tumor

Answer 17

Cancer cells are abnormal
Undifferentiated

Question 18

TMN is staged by 3 basic components

Answer 18

Primary Tumor (T)
Regional lymph nodes (N)
Metastasis (M)

Question 19

TMN is used most often for

Answer 19

Solid tumors

Question 20

“T” indicates the

Answer 20

Size, depth and area of the primary tumor

Question 21

T0

Answer 21

No evidence of primary tumor

Question 22

Tis

Answer 22

Carcinoma in situ (site of origin)

Question 23

“N” represents

Answer 23

Regional lymph nodes involvement

Question 24

N0

Answer 24

No evidence of metastases to regional lymph nodes

Question 25

“M” notes the

Answer 25

Presence or absence of distant metastases

Question 26

M0

Answer 26

No evidence of metastasis

Question 27

M1

Answer 27

Distant metastasis present

Question 28

Stage 0

Answer 28

Carcinoma in situ Premalignant, Pre invasive

Question 29

Stage I

Answer 29

Early stage, cancer is usually localized to primary organ Tumor is

Question 30

Stage II

Answer 30

Tumor is locally advanced; 2.5 cm with out without lymph node involvement Increased risk of regional spread because of tumor size

Question 31

Stage III

Answer 31

Tumor is locally more advanced; spread to lymph nodes Local cancer has spread regionally but may not be disseminated to distant regions

Question 32

Stage IV

Answer 32

Tumor has metastasized or spread to other organs throughout the body Cancer has spread to distant sites

Question 33

Metastasis

Answer 33

Spread of tumor cells from a primary site of origin to a distant site

Question 34

Metastasis sequential steps

Answer 34

Direct or continuous extension of local invasion Penetration into lymphatics/blood vessels Release into lymph or blood Transport to secondary sites Entry and growth in secondary sites

Question 35

Metastasis 5 most common

Answer 35

Lymph nodes Liver Lungs Bone Brain

Question 36

Spread of metastasis may be negatively influenced by

Answer 36

Aging or dysfunctional immune system Hormonal environment

Question 37

Metastases most commonly observed in therapy

Answer 37

Pulmonary Hepatic Skeletal CNS