4.1 Flashcards
Liver is the sole source of
Albumin, other plasma proteins and bile
Livers is the site of conversion and excretion of
Bilirubin (end product of hemoglobin) (jaundice)
Liver produces
Clotting factors and store vitamins
Risk factors for Cholelithiasis
Genes (Mexican/NA)
High estrogen levels (birth control)
Diabetes
Pregnancy
High fat diet
Rapid weight loss (liver makes too much cholesterol)
Lifestyle risk factors for developing gall stones
Overweight/obese
Diet high in fat/low in fiber
Rapid weight loss in short time
Diabetes
Uncontrollable risk factors for developing risk factors
Female
NA/Mexican descent
Family history of gallstones
60 years or older
Medical risk factors for developing gall stones
Having cirrhosis or sickle cell anemia
Being pregnant
Taking meds that have estrogen content
Clinical manifestations for Cholelithiasis
Many asymptomatic
RUQ pain
Fatty food intolerance
Heartburn
Chronic liver injury can lead to ______ and ________, which is ______
Scarring and cirrhosis, which is irreversible
Signs/Symptoms of Hepatic Disease
GI symptoms
Edema/Ascites
Light or clay colored stools
Dark urine
RUQ pain
Skin changes in hepatic disease
Jaundice
Bruising
Spider angioma
Palmar erythema (thenar/hypothenar eminence)
Neurologic Involvement in Hepatic Disease
Confusion
Hyperactive reflexes
Asterixis (liver flapping)
Sleep disturbances
Muscle tremors
Bilirubin is a waste product when the liver breaks down
Old RBCs (normal value .1-1.0 mg/dL)
Normally, bile converted from bilirubin causes
Brown coloration of stool
Light colored stools and urine the color of tea/cola indicate
Inability of liver or biliary system to excrete bilirubin properly
Jaundice is due to
Hyperbilirubinemia
Defect in bilirubin metabolism
Liver disease
Obstruction of bile flow
Causes of Ascites
Cirrhosis with portal hypertension
Congestive heart failure, ab malignancies, malnutrition
Clinical manifestations of Ascites
Weight gain (swelling of ankles/feet)
Ab swelling and pain
Respiratory distress
Secondary bacterial infection (put in high Fowler position)
Causes of Cirrhosis
Alcohol abuse
Hepatitis C
Nonalcoholic liver disease
Risk factors for Cirrhosis
Excessive alcohol
Excessive weight
Viral hepatitis
Portal hypertension cause
Commonly cirrhosis
Portal hypertension causes
Splenomegaly
Ascites
GI varices
Encephalopathy
Captu Medusae
Hematemesis
Melena
Causes of Hepatic Encephalopathy
Acute and chronic liver disease
Elevated ammonia and metabolic abnormalities
Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment
Antibiotics
Lactulose (may give diarrhea)
Ammonia lowering therapy
Liver transplant (skin breakdown)
Avoid hard exercise
