4.1 Flashcards

1
Q

Liver is the sole source of

A

Albumin, other plasma proteins and bile

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2
Q

Livers is the site of conversion and excretion of

A

Bilirubin (end product of hemoglobin) (jaundice)

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3
Q

Liver produces

A

Clotting factors and store vitamins

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4
Q

Risk factors for Cholelithiasis

A

Genes (Mexican/NA)
High estrogen levels (birth control)
Diabetes
Pregnancy
High fat diet
Rapid weight loss (liver makes too much cholesterol)

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5
Q

Lifestyle risk factors for developing gall stones

A

Overweight/obese
Diet high in fat/low in fiber
Rapid weight loss in short time
Diabetes

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6
Q

Uncontrollable risk factors for developing risk factors

A

Female
NA/Mexican descent
Family history of gallstones
60 years or older

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7
Q

Medical risk factors for developing gall stones

A

Having cirrhosis or sickle cell anemia
Being pregnant
Taking meds that have estrogen content

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8
Q

Clinical manifestations for Cholelithiasis

A

Many asymptomatic
RUQ pain
Fatty food intolerance
Heartburn

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9
Q

Chronic liver injury can lead to ______ and ________, which is ______

A

Scarring and cirrhosis, which is irreversible

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10
Q

Signs/Symptoms of Hepatic Disease

A

GI symptoms
Edema/Ascites
Light or clay colored stools
Dark urine
RUQ pain

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11
Q

Skin changes in hepatic disease

A

Jaundice
Bruising
Spider angioma
Palmar erythema (thenar/hypothenar eminence)

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12
Q

Neurologic Involvement in Hepatic Disease

A

Confusion
Hyperactive reflexes
Asterixis (liver flapping)
Sleep disturbances
Muscle tremors

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13
Q

Bilirubin is a waste product when the liver breaks down

A

Old RBCs (normal value .1-1.0 mg/dL)

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14
Q

Normally, bile converted from bilirubin causes

A

Brown coloration of stool

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15
Q

Light colored stools and urine the color of tea/cola indicate

A

Inability of liver or biliary system to excrete bilirubin properly

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16
Q

Jaundice is due to

A

Hyperbilirubinemia
Defect in bilirubin metabolism
Liver disease
Obstruction of bile flow

17
Q

Causes of Ascites

A

Cirrhosis with portal hypertension
Congestive heart failure, ab malignancies, malnutrition

18
Q

Clinical manifestations of Ascites

A

Weight gain (swelling of ankles/feet)
Ab swelling and pain
Respiratory distress
Secondary bacterial infection (put in high Fowler position)

19
Q

Causes of Cirrhosis

A

Alcohol abuse
Hepatitis C
Nonalcoholic liver disease

20
Q

Risk factors for Cirrhosis

A

Excessive alcohol
Excessive weight
Viral hepatitis

21
Q

Portal hypertension cause

A

Commonly cirrhosis

22
Q

Portal hypertension causes

A

Splenomegaly
Ascites
GI varices
Encephalopathy
Captu Medusae
Hematemesis
Melena

23
Q

Causes of Hepatic Encephalopathy

A

Acute and chronic liver disease
Elevated ammonia and metabolic abnormalities

24
Q

Hepatic Encephalopathy Treatment

A

Antibiotics
Lactulose (may give diarrhea)
Ammonia lowering therapy
Liver transplant (skin breakdown)
Avoid hard exercise

25
Q

Alcohol related liver disease Clinical Manifestations

A

Nausea, vomiting ab pain
Anorexia, fever, weight loss
Jaundice, Ascites, cognitive impairment to coma

26
Q

Alcohol related disease treatment

A

Abstinence
Nutritional support/vitamins
Fluids

27
Q

Causes of Hepatitis

A

Viral
Chemical/toxic (alc, acetaminophen)
Autoimmune disorders

28
Q

Chronic Hepatitis common causes

A

Alcohol
Hepatitis B and C

29
Q

Chronic Hepatitis can lead to

A

Cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma