Week 8: Chapter 23 Study Guide Flashcards
Define: Antacids
Drugs that neutralize stomach acids
Define: Barrett’s Esophagus
Complication of severe chronic GERD
Define: Dyspepsia
Indigestion
Define: Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)
Muscular ring located where the esophagus joins the stomach
Define: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Upper endoscopy exam of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine
Define: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Esophageal irritation due to stomach acid backing up
Define: Gastric Ulcer
Open sore in the stomach lining
Define: H. Pylori
Bacteria that cause gastric inflammation
Define: H2 Blocker
Drugs that block the effects of histamine
Define: Peritonitis
Inflammation of the abdominal cavity
Define: Regurgitation
Backward flow of stomach contents
What percentage of people in the U.S. develop an ulcer during their lifetime?
10%
Of the following causes of gastric ulcers, which one is primary?
H. pylori
Which weakened sphincter muscle causes GERD?
Lower esophageal
Which dietary factors contribute to reflux?
- Caffeine
- Nicotine
- Chocolate
- Alcohol
- Red meats
- Peppermint
When ________ exceeds mucus production, the risk of ulcers increases.
Acid production
List 4 symptoms of a gastric ulcer:
- Vomiting blood (bright red or black)
- Dark blood in stool
- Nausea or vomiting
- Belching
- Unexplained weight loss
- Chest pain
Usually the pain of a peptic ulcer is located between the _________ and _________.
Umbilicus
Sternum
_________ ________ after a meal may prevent irritation of the esophagus associated with GERD.
Chewing gum
Chronic GERD can lead to serious complications such as _________ _________ and _________ _________.
Barrett’s Esophagus
Esophageal Cancer
Decrease in secretion of gastric acid:
Histamine H2 blockers
Block the secretion of gastric acid:
Proton pump inhibitors
Form a thick coating that covers an ulcer to protect it from further damage:
Cytoprotective drugs
Neutralize stomach acids:
Antacids
Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone and help empty the stomach:
Promotility drugs
Treat H. pylori infections:
Antibiotics
Patients taking large doses of antacids containing calcium or aluminum salts over a long period of time are at risk for developing:
Constipation
Patients taking Milk of Magnesia for indigestion over a long period of time are likely to develop:
Diarrhea
Antacids such as Alka-Seltzer or Bromo-seltzer are contraindicated for Pts who have:
Heart failure
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) is contraindicated in children because of the risk of developing:
Reye’s syndrome
A patient is to take 15 mL of Maalox at bed time. What is the household equivalent of this dose?
1/2 oz - 1 tbsp - 3 tsp
Which lab test are monitored for pts who are taking niaztimide (Axid) or cimetidine (Tagemet)?
Complete blood count
Liver function test
A 14 y/o pt who weighs 143 kg is prescribed clarithromycin (Biaxin) for H. pylori infection. The recommended children’s dose is 15 mg / kg orally in 2 divided doses. What is the correct does in mg for each of the doses given in 1 day?
488 mg
Long term use of proton pump inhibitors could lead to which conditions?
- Gastric infections
2. Anemia
Which statement demonstrates a patients understanding of therapy with cytoprotective drugs for treatment of GERD?
I must take this drug for as long as my Dr. prescribed
During a follow up assessment of a pt taking metoclpramide (Reglan) for treatment of GERD you observe an elevated temperature, respiratory distress, tachycardia, and diaphoresis, and urinary incontinence. What is the priority action in this situation?
Notify the prescriber
An older adult has been prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet). What is a lifespan consideration for this pt. ?
Older adults are more likely to experience dizziness and confusion
A pt asks how the proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole (Prevacid) will help the symptoms of GERD. How does the nurse repond?
It blocks the action of acid-secreting cells in your stomach
A pt has been taking metoclopramide (Reglan) for several months to treat GERD. The pt is noted to have uncontrolled jerking-type movements of the mouth and face. She has puckering lips, and has rapid movements of the tongue. These symptoms are consistent with the development of which of the following A/E?
Tardive dyskinesia
Which pt statement best indicates a correct understanding of why the antibiotic clarithromycin (Biaxin) has been prescribed along with another medication for ulcers?
It treats infection with H. pylori
An older adult will be taking metoclopramide (Reglan) to treat symptoms of GERD. Which safety instruction is most crucial to provide?
Sit up slowly from a resting position
You are assisting a patient to set up a schedule for taking sucralfate (Carafate) to treat an ulcer. Which is the most appropriate schedule for this medication?
One hour before meals and at bed time
A patient taking bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) to treat an ulcer. The pt reports having constipation, gray-black stools, and a gray-colored tongue. What is the most likely explanation of this?
These are common S/E of the medication
