Week 8: Chapter 23 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Define: Antacids

A

Drugs that neutralize stomach acids

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2
Q

Define: Barrett’s Esophagus

A

Complication of severe chronic GERD

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3
Q

Define: Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion

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4
Q

Define: Lower Esophageal Sphincter (LES)

A

Muscular ring located where the esophagus joins the stomach

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5
Q

Define: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

Upper endoscopy exam of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine

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6
Q

Define: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Esophageal irritation due to stomach acid backing up

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7
Q

Define: Gastric Ulcer

A

Open sore in the stomach lining

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8
Q

Define: H. Pylori

A

Bacteria that cause gastric inflammation

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9
Q

Define: H2 Blocker

A

Drugs that block the effects of histamine

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10
Q

Define: Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the abdominal cavity

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11
Q

Define: Regurgitation

A

Backward flow of stomach contents

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12
Q

What percentage of people in the U.S. develop an ulcer during their lifetime?

A

10%

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13
Q

Of the following causes of gastric ulcers, which one is primary?

A

H. pylori

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14
Q

Which weakened sphincter muscle causes GERD?

A

Lower esophageal

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15
Q

Which dietary factors contribute to reflux?

A
  1. Caffeine
  2. Nicotine
  3. Chocolate
  4. Alcohol
  5. Red meats
  6. Peppermint
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16
Q

When ________ exceeds mucus production, the risk of ulcers increases.

A

Acid production

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17
Q

List 4 symptoms of a gastric ulcer:

A
  1. Vomiting blood (bright red or black)
  2. Dark blood in stool
  3. Nausea or vomiting
  4. Belching
  5. Unexplained weight loss
  6. Chest pain
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18
Q

Usually the pain of a peptic ulcer is located between the _________ and _________.

A

Umbilicus

Sternum

19
Q

_________ ________ after a meal may prevent irritation of the esophagus associated with GERD.

A

Chewing gum

20
Q

Chronic GERD can lead to serious complications such as _________ _________ and _________ _________.

A

Barrett’s Esophagus

Esophageal Cancer

21
Q

Decrease in secretion of gastric acid:

A

Histamine H2 blockers

22
Q

Block the secretion of gastric acid:

A

Proton pump inhibitors

23
Q

Form a thick coating that covers an ulcer to protect it from further damage:

A

Cytoprotective drugs

24
Q

Neutralize stomach acids:

25
Increase lower esophageal sphincter tone and help empty the stomach:
Promotility drugs
26
Treat H. pylori infections:
Antibiotics
27
Patients taking large doses of antacids containing calcium or aluminum salts over a long period of time are at risk for developing:
Constipation
28
Patients taking Milk of Magnesia for indigestion over a long period of time are likely to develop:
Diarrhea
29
Antacids such as Alka-Seltzer or Bromo-seltzer are contraindicated for Pts who have:
Heart failure
30
Bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) is contraindicated in children because of the risk of developing:
Reye's syndrome
31
A patient is to take 15 mL of Maalox at bed time. What is the household equivalent of this dose?
1/2 oz - 1 tbsp - 3 tsp
32
Which lab test are monitored for pts who are taking niaztimide (Axid) or cimetidine (Tagemet)?
Complete blood count | Liver function test
33
A 14 y/o pt who weighs 143 kg is prescribed clarithromycin (Biaxin) for H. pylori infection. The recommended children's dose is 15 mg / kg orally in 2 divided doses. What is the correct does in mg for each of the doses given in 1 day?
488 mg
34
Long term use of proton pump inhibitors could lead to which conditions?
1. Gastric infections | 2. Anemia
35
Which statement demonstrates a patients understanding of therapy with cytoprotective drugs for treatment of GERD?
I must take this drug for as long as my Dr. prescribed
36
During a follow up assessment of a pt taking metoclpramide (Reglan) for treatment of GERD you observe an elevated temperature, respiratory distress, tachycardia, and diaphoresis, and urinary incontinence. What is the priority action in this situation?
Notify the prescriber
37
An older adult has been prescribed cimetidine (Tagamet). What is a lifespan consideration for this pt. ?
Older adults are more likely to experience dizziness and confusion
38
A pt asks how the proton pump inhibitors lansoprazole (Prevacid) will help the symptoms of GERD. How does the nurse repond?
It blocks the action of acid-secreting cells in your stomach
39
A pt has been taking metoclopramide (Reglan) for several months to treat GERD. The pt is noted to have uncontrolled jerking-type movements of the mouth and face. She has puckering lips, and has rapid movements of the tongue. These symptoms are consistent with the development of which of the following A/E?
Tardive dyskinesia
40
Which pt statement best indicates a correct understanding of why the antibiotic clarithromycin (Biaxin) has been prescribed along with another medication for ulcers?
It treats infection with H. pylori
41
An older adult will be taking metoclopramide (Reglan) to treat symptoms of GERD. Which safety instruction is most crucial to provide?
Sit up slowly from a resting position
42
You are assisting a patient to set up a schedule for taking sucralfate (Carafate) to treat an ulcer. Which is the most appropriate schedule for this medication?
One hour before meals and at bed time
43
A patient taking bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) to treat an ulcer. The pt reports having constipation, gray-black stools, and a gray-colored tongue. What is the most likely explanation of this?
These are common S/E of the medication