Week 3: Chapter 7 Flashcards
Which type of pain drug has the highest risk for development of physical or psychological dependence?
Opioids
Which opioid drug should be avoided for older adults?
Demerol
Which vital sign is most important to monitor after giving a patient a dose of morphine for sever pain?
Respiratory rate
For which common side effect must you monitor on a daily basis for any patient taking any opioid drug for pain?
Constipation
How can you assess pain in an infant?
Monitor the infant using the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale
Which side effects or adverse effects are associated with opioid analgesics?
Slow, shallow respirations // constipation // nausea and vomiting
Which teaching point is essential for older adults prescribed an opioid drug for pain control?
Increase room lighting to decrease the risk of falling
Why is morphine categorized in the U.S. as a schedule II drug rather than a schedule I drug?
It has a currently accepted use for treatment
What is the most important action to take after administering any drug for pain?
Ask the patient to rate his or her level of pain relief
Which opioid analgesic has the lowest normal recommended dosages?
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
For which class of drug used for pain control in a small child should an apnea monitor and pulse oximetry be used to assess for respiratory depression?
Opioids
Which drug is available as an oral lozenge or lollipop?
Fentanyl
What is the most important precaution to teach the parents of a 1 y/o child taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain?
Read the label carefully for the correct amount of liquid drug to give a child
What is the most important precaution to teach a patient taking acetaminophen orally for pain?
Avoid drinking alcohol while on this drug
Define Pain
Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage.
Considered the _______ vital sign.
Fifth
What are nursing implications?
what we do in relation to the person were giving the drug to
What do pain assessment tools do?
Give us an objective measure for pain
When is the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale used?
For nonverbal patients
Define threshold
smallest amount of tissue damage that makes you aware of the pain (drugs help you increase your threshold)
List the types of pain:
Acute
Chronic
Cancer
Define acute pain:
clear and identifiable / HR goes up
Define chronic pain:
pain that happens everyday or 6 mo. or longer (back injury)
Define cancer pain:
can be acute or chronic depending on the circumstance
What is the purpose or nociceptors?
they release chemical mediators sending messages to the brain that something is wrong
Analgesics are drugs to ______.
Control pain
What are controlled substances?
Drugs containing addictive ingredients
What are high alert drugs?
Opioids (narcotics)
Describe the opioid method of action (MOA)
Opioids bind to specific sites in the brain altering the perception of pain.
[mu (OP3), kappa (OP2), and delta (OP1)
List the common side effects of opioids:
Constipation Nausea Vomiting Drowsiness Dizziness
List the common adverse effects of opioids:
Addiction Dependence Tolerance Withdrawal Respiratory depression
Define dependence:
Physical changes in ANS function when opioids are used for a long term
Define addiction:
Psychologic need or craving for the high when pain is not present
Define withdrawal:
ANS symptoms when long term use
Define tolerance:
The adjustment the body makes to long term opioid use which increases the rate the drug is eliminated reducing the intended response and side effects of the drug
Define adjuvant drug:
They enhance the pain control features of other pain drugs
Define NSAID
Helps manage pain associated with inflammation, bone pain, cancer pain, and soft tissue damage
Define Non-opioid analgesic
Reduces persons perception of pain and have little potential of psychological or physical dependence
What is the MOA for antidepressants?
Helps increase the amount of natural opioids in the brain and also reduces depression to help with circumstances
List the two most common anticonvulsants:
Gabapentin (Neurotin)
Pregabalin (Lyrica)
What is the purpose of anticonvulsants?
To reduce cancer and chronic pain (neuropathic and migraine headaches)
Anticonvulsants help with___________.
Nerve pain (stopping the nerves from talking to each other) / helps with seizures and taken at the onset of pain before it becomes severe
List the two common muscle relaxants:
carbamates
cyclobenzaprines
When are muscle relaxants given?
To control part of pain experience includes muscle spasms
