Week 3: Chapter 7

Question 1

Which type of pain drug has the highest risk for development of physical or psychological dependence?

Answer 1

Opioids

Question 2

Which opioid drug should be avoided for older adults?

Answer 2

Demerol

Question 3

Which vital sign is most important to monitor after giving a patient a dose of morphine for sever pain?

Answer 3

Respiratory rate

Question 4

For which common side effect must you monitor on a daily basis for any patient taking any opioid drug for pain?

Answer 4

Constipation

Question 5

How can you assess pain in an infant?

Answer 5

Monitor the infant using the face, legs, activity, cry, consolability (FLACC) scale

Question 6

Which side effects or adverse effects are associated with opioid analgesics?

Answer 6

Slow, shallow respirations // constipation // nausea and vomiting

Question 7

Which teaching point is essential for older adults prescribed an opioid drug for pain control?

Answer 7

Increase room lighting to decrease the risk of falling

Question 8

Why is morphine categorized in the U.S. as a schedule II drug rather than a schedule I drug?

Answer 8

It has a currently accepted use for treatment

Question 9

What is the most important action to take after administering any drug for pain?

Answer 9

Ask the patient to rate his or her level of pain relief

Question 10

Which opioid analgesic has the lowest normal recommended dosages?

Answer 10

Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)

Question 11

For which class of drug used for pain control in a small child should an apnea monitor and pulse oximetry be used to assess for respiratory depression?

Answer 11

Opioids

Question 12

Which drug is available as an oral lozenge or lollipop?

Answer 12

Fentanyl

Question 13

What is the most important precaution to teach the parents of a 1 y/o child taking acetaminophen (Tylenol) for pain?

Answer 13

Read the label carefully for the correct amount of liquid drug to give a child

Question 14

What is the most important precaution to teach a patient taking acetaminophen orally for pain?

Answer 14

Avoid drinking alcohol while on this drug

Question 15

Define Pain

Answer 15

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with tissue damage.

Question 16

Considered the _______ vital sign.

Answer 16

Fifth

Question 17

What are nursing implications?

Answer 17

what we do in relation to the person were giving the drug to

Question 18

What do pain assessment tools do?

Answer 18

Give us an objective measure for pain

Question 19

When is the Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability (FLACC) scale used?

Answer 19

For nonverbal patients

Question 20

Define threshold

Answer 20

smallest amount of tissue damage that makes you aware of the pain (drugs help you increase your threshold)

Question 21

List the types of pain:

Answer 21

Acute
Chronic
Cancer

Question 22

Define acute pain:

Answer 22

clear and identifiable / HR goes up

Question 23

Define chronic pain:

Answer 23

pain that happens everyday or 6 mo. or longer (back injury)

Question 24

Define cancer pain:

Answer 24

can be acute or chronic depending on the circumstance

Question 25

What is the purpose or nociceptors?

Answer 25

they release chemical mediators sending messages to the brain that something is wrong

Question 26

Analgesics are drugs to ______.

Answer 26

Control pain

Question 27

What are controlled substances?

Answer 27

Drugs containing addictive ingredients

Question 28

What are high alert drugs?

Answer 28

Opioids (narcotics)

Question 29

Describe the opioid method of action (MOA)

Answer 29

Opioids bind to specific sites in the brain altering the perception of pain. [mu (OP3), kappa (OP2), and delta (OP1)

Question 30

List the common side effects of opioids:

Answer 30

``` Constipation Nausea Vomiting Drowsiness Dizziness ```

Question 31

List the common adverse effects of opioids:

Answer 31

``` Addiction Dependence Tolerance Withdrawal Respiratory depression ```

Question 32

Define dependence:

Answer 32

Physical changes in ANS function when opioids are used for a long term

Question 33

Define addiction:

Answer 33

Psychologic need or craving for the high when pain is not present

Question 34

Define withdrawal:

Answer 34

ANS symptoms when long term use

Question 35

Define tolerance:

Answer 35

The adjustment the body makes to long term opioid use which increases the rate the drug is eliminated reducing the intended response and side effects of the drug

Question 36

Define adjuvant drug:

Answer 36

They enhance the pain control features of other pain drugs

Question 37

Define NSAID

Answer 37

Helps manage pain associated with inflammation, bone pain, cancer pain, and soft tissue damage

Question 38

Define Non-opioid analgesic

Answer 38

Reduces persons perception of pain and have little potential of psychological or physical dependence

Question 39

What is the MOA for antidepressants?

Answer 39

Helps increase the amount of natural opioids in the brain and also reduces depression to help with circumstances

Question 40

List the two most common anticonvulsants:

Answer 40

Gabapentin (Neurotin) | Pregabalin (Lyrica)

Question 41

What is the purpose of anticonvulsants?

Answer 41

To reduce cancer and chronic pain (neuropathic and migraine headaches)

Question 42

Anticonvulsants help with___________.

Answer 42

Nerve pain (stopping the nerves from talking to each other) / helps with seizures and taken at the onset of pain before it becomes severe

Question 43

List the two common muscle relaxants:

Answer 43

carbamates | cyclobenzaprines

Question 44

When are muscle relaxants given?

Answer 44

To control part of pain experience includes muscle spasms