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Pharmacology > Final Exam Review > Flashcards

Final Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of time between each albuterol puff?

A

1 minute

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2
Q

Common Short Acting Beta 2 Agonists promotes bronchodilation in the treatment of asthma:

A

Albuterol

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3
Q

These medications improve breathing in patients with asthma and COPD by reducing mucosal swelling?

A

Mucosal swelling also means inflammation in the airways

Corticosteroids {Anti-inflammatory }

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4
Q

When administering both a bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid this med should come first?

A

Bronchodilator

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5
Q

You must breathe in forcefully with this type of inhaler and never shake?

A

Dry powder

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6
Q

What are the 3 types of diuretics?

A
  1. Loop
  2. Thiazide
  3. Potassium-sparing
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7
Q

Avoid salt substitutes with this type of diuretic?

A

Potassium sparing - Spironolactone (Aldactone)

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8
Q

Ototoxicity may result if this loop diuretic is given in high doses or too quickly:

A

Furosemide (Lasix) - has to be given slow at 20 mg/ min

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9
Q

This electrolyte level may decrease with the use of loop and thiazide diuretics:

A

Potassium

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10
Q

This drug classification is used for patients who have over active bladders:
(the spasms are what is causing the pt to go to the bathroom)

A

Urinary antispasmodics

  • oxybutynin (Ditropan)
  • tolterodine (Detrol)
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11
Q

Gingival hyperplasia is common S/E for this first line drug for seizures:

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

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12
Q

Anticonvulsants are also used as adjuvant medication for this type of pain?

A

Neuropathy

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13
Q

This drug category may increase the risk of suicide in children and adolescents:

A

+ Antidepressants
NDRIs {Norepinephrine/ Dopamine reuptake Inhibitors}
Bupropion (Wellbutrin/ Zyban)

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14
Q

Never stop taking this antianxiety drug classification suddenly because of a risk of life threating withdrawal symptoms:

A 
\+ Benzodiazepines
alprazolam (Xanax)
clonazepam (Klonopin)
diazepam (Valium)
lorazepam (Ativan)
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15
Q

Medications for this disease process increase the amount of dopamine activity in the brain:

A

Parkinson’s

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16
Q

The action of chemotherapy medications?

A

Damages cells or interferes (stops or preventing) with cell division

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17
Q

This biological response modifier can increase bone marrow production of blood cells:

A

+ Colony stimulating factors
- Procrit (Epoetin A)
- Numega
(Erythropoiesis stimulating agents [ESA]) - increase RBC
(Thrombopoiesis stimulating agents [TSA]) - increase platelets

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18
Q

Drugs and chemicals that cause tissue damage on direct contact:

A

Vesicants ex: Promethazine (Phenergan)

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19
Q

Colony stimulating factor that will increase RBCs:

A

Epoetin A
- We give these meds after chemo treatment (chemo lowers their RBC count) to help increase the pts RBCs to help them recover

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20
Q

Leakage of a vesicant chemotherapy drug into tissues surrounding the vein being used to infuse the drug:

A

Extravasation

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21
Q

PTINR must be closely monitored for this medication and avoid vitamin K:

A

Warfarin (Coumadin)

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22
Q

This family of antimicrobials is contraindicated for those allergic to penicillin:

A

+ Cephalosporins
cefazolin (Ancef)
cephalexin (Keflex)

  • These meds are very similar to penicillin, this is why we do not give to pts who have a penicillin allergy
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23
Q

Serious A/E of antipsychotics that is characterized by involuntary movements of the mouth and the extremities:

A

Tardive dyskinesia

*Also seen in antiemetics*
Examples of Antiemetics causing tardive dyskinesia:
- Phenothiazine / Dopamine antagonist
     - promethazine (Phenergan)
     - metoclopramide (Reglan)
24
Q

8 Rights of medication:

A

Right:

  1. Patient
  2. Drug
  3. Dose
  4. Route
  5. Time
  6. Documentation
  7. Diagnosis
  8. Response
25
Q

Do this to prevent systemic S/E in a pt receiving eye drops:

A

Punctual occlusion (to prevent drainage out of the ducts)

26
Q

This route is in between the molar teeth and the upper jaw:

A

Buccal

27
Q

This route is applied to and absorbed through the skin and are mucus membranes:

A

Percutaneous

28
Q

A drug that is man-made:

A

Extrinsic

29
Q

A drug that blocks the receptor site of a cell preventing a naturally occurring substance from binding to the receptors:

A

Antagonists

30
Q

A manufactured owned drug name also called a proprietary name:

A

Trade name

31
Q

Narcotic Antagonist:

antagonists = blocker or antidote

A

Naloxone (Narcan)

32
Q

Corticosteroids should be taken with this to avoid serious GI issues:

A

Food

33
Q

These are anti-inflammatory drug categories:

A
  1. Corticosteroids
  2. NSAIDs
  3. Antihistamine
  4. Leukotriene Inhibitors
  5. DMARDs
34
Q

Common examples of NSAIDs:

A

Aspirin
Naproxen
Ibuprofen

35
Q

Acetaminophen can be toxic to these organs:

A

Liver

Kidney

36
Q

Long acting insulin:

A

Lantus

Levemir

37
Q

Medication prescribed for hypERthyroidism:

A

methimazole (Tapazole)

PropylThioUracil (PTU)

38
Q

This type of diabetes is insulin dependent:

A

Type 1

39
Q

Main potential A/E of insulin:

A

Hypoglycemia

40
Q

Common perimenopausal hormone replacement:

A

Conjugated estrogen

41
Q

Amount of time most meds and ant acids should be spaced apart:

A

2 - 3 hours

42
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors (ex: omeprazole [Prilosec], esomeprazole [Nexium] are best given at this time:

A

Morning or on an empty stomach

43
Q

The big difference between Proton Pump inhibitors {shut down as much stomach acid as they can} and H2 blockers {decrease the amount of stomach acid}:

A

H2 blockers = decrease the amount of stomach acid

PPI = shut down as much stomach acid as they can

44
Q

This antiemetic may cause tissue necrosis if given IV undiluted:

A

Phenergan (promethazine)

45
Q

Common drug classification that can cause diarrhea from neutralizing the normal GI flora:

A

Antibiotics

46
Q

A common antiemetic 5HT3 receptor antagonist:

A

Ondansetron (Zofran)

Granisetron (Kytril)

47
Q

Most common group of lipid lowering drugs that work by decreasing the production of cholesterol in the liver:

A

+ Statins

  • Simvastatin
  • Atorvastatin
  • Lovastatin
48
Q

Two most common S/E of nitroglycerin or vasodilators {lowers BP}:

A

Headaches

Drop in BP

49
Q

The average dose of aspirin to take daily to prevent platelet aggregation:

A

Low Dose Aspirin = 81 mg

50
Q

Digoxin is from this drug category:

A

Cardiac Glycoside

51
Q

This group of antihypertensive meds works by blocking the effects of epinephrine which decreases HR and the force of contraction:

A

Beta Blocker

52
Q

Drug classification for the treatment of HIV:

A

Antiretroviral

53
Q

This is the type of IV tubing appropriate to use for an infant or small child:

A

Microdrip

54
Q

Effects of an anticoagulant drug:

A

Prevents clot or prevents the clot from getting bigger

55
Q

What method is used to administer irritating medications through the IM route:

A

Z-track

56
Q

This antifungal drug causes some degree of renal insufficiency:

A

Polyenes: Amphotericin B (Amphocin)

[Ampho - terrible]

57
Q

How to administer promethazine (Phenergan):

A

Common Phenothiazine
Problem with this is when we give it in an IV route. This med is classified as a vesicant
How we give this safely for nausea and vomiting:
1. Deep IM injection into a large muscle is the preferred parenteral route of this med
2. Giving the drug in concentrations in no larger than 25 mg/mL
3. Administering the drug at a rate no greater than 25 mg / per minute
4. Injecting the drug through the tubing of an infusion set that’s running and is known to be working satisfactory
5. Stopping the injection immediately if the pt reports burning
6. Starting IV does 6.25 - 12.25 the starting dose
7. Give through large bore vein
8. Check the patency of access site
9. Port furthest from vein

Pharmacology (55 decks)

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