Final Exam Review Flashcards
Amount of time between each albuterol puff?
1 minute
Common Short Acting Beta 2 Agonists promotes bronchodilation in the treatment of asthma:
Albuterol
These medications improve breathing in patients with asthma and COPD by reducing mucosal swelling?
Mucosal swelling also means inflammation in the airways
Corticosteroids {Anti-inflammatory }
When administering both a bronchodilator and an inhaled corticosteroid this med should come first?
Bronchodilator
You must breathe in forcefully with this type of inhaler and never shake?
Dry powder
What are the 3 types of diuretics?
- Loop
- Thiazide
- Potassium-sparing
Avoid salt substitutes with this type of diuretic?
Potassium sparing - Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Ototoxicity may result if this loop diuretic is given in high doses or too quickly:
Furosemide (Lasix) - has to be given slow at 20 mg/ min
This electrolyte level may decrease with the use of loop and thiazide diuretics:
Potassium
This drug classification is used for patients who have over active bladders:
(the spasms are what is causing the pt to go to the bathroom)
Urinary antispasmodics
- oxybutynin (Ditropan)
- tolterodine (Detrol)
Gingival hyperplasia is common S/E for this first line drug for seizures:
Phenytoin (Dilantin)
Anticonvulsants are also used as adjuvant medication for this type of pain?
Neuropathy
This drug category may increase the risk of suicide in children and adolescents:
+ Antidepressants
NDRIs {Norepinephrine/ Dopamine reuptake Inhibitors}
Bupropion (Wellbutrin/ Zyban)
Never stop taking this antianxiety drug classification suddenly because of a risk of life threating withdrawal symptoms:
\+ Benzodiazepines alprazolam (Xanax) clonazepam (Klonopin) diazepam (Valium) lorazepam (Ativan)
Medications for this disease process increase the amount of dopamine activity in the brain:
Parkinson’s
The action of chemotherapy medications?
Damages cells or interferes (stops or preventing) with cell division
This biological response modifier can increase bone marrow production of blood cells:
+ Colony stimulating factors
- Procrit (Epoetin A)
- Numega
(Erythropoiesis stimulating agents [ESA]) - increase RBC
(Thrombopoiesis stimulating agents [TSA]) - increase platelets
Drugs and chemicals that cause tissue damage on direct contact:
Vesicants ex: Promethazine (Phenergan)
Colony stimulating factor that will increase RBCs:
Epoetin A
- We give these meds after chemo treatment (chemo lowers their RBC count) to help increase the pts RBCs to help them recover
Leakage of a vesicant chemotherapy drug into tissues surrounding the vein being used to infuse the drug:
Extravasation
PTINR must be closely monitored for this medication and avoid vitamin K:
Warfarin (Coumadin)
This family of antimicrobials is contraindicated for those allergic to penicillin:
+ Cephalosporins
cefazolin (Ancef)
cephalexin (Keflex)
- These meds are very similar to penicillin, this is why we do not give to pts who have a penicillin allergy
Serious A/E of antipsychotics that is characterized by involuntary movements of the mouth and the extremities:
Tardive dyskinesia
*Also seen in antiemetics*
Examples of Antiemetics causing tardive dyskinesia:
- Phenothiazine / Dopamine antagonist
- promethazine (Phenergan)
- metoclopramide (Reglan)
8 Rights of medication:
Right:
- Patient
- Drug
- Dose
- Route
- Time
- Documentation
- Diagnosis
- Response
Do this to prevent systemic S/E in a pt receiving eye drops:
Punctual occlusion (to prevent drainage out of the ducts)
This route is in between the molar teeth and the upper jaw:
Buccal
This route is applied to and absorbed through the skin and are mucus membranes:
Percutaneous
A drug that is man-made:
Extrinsic
A drug that blocks the receptor site of a cell preventing a naturally occurring substance from binding to the receptors:
Antagonists
A manufactured owned drug name also called a proprietary name:
Trade name
Narcotic Antagonist:
antagonists = blocker or antidote
Naloxone (Narcan)
Corticosteroids should be taken with this to avoid serious GI issues:
Food
These are anti-inflammatory drug categories:
- Corticosteroids
- NSAIDs
- Antihistamine
- Leukotriene Inhibitors
- DMARDs
Common examples of NSAIDs:
Aspirin
Naproxen
Ibuprofen
Acetaminophen can be toxic to these organs:
Liver
Kidney
Long acting insulin:
Lantus
Levemir
Medication prescribed for hypERthyroidism:
methimazole (Tapazole)
PropylThioUracil (PTU)
This type of diabetes is insulin dependent:
Type 1
Main potential A/E of insulin:
Hypoglycemia
Common perimenopausal hormone replacement:
Conjugated estrogen
Amount of time most meds and ant acids should be spaced apart:
2 - 3 hours
Proton Pump Inhibitors (ex: omeprazole [Prilosec], esomeprazole [Nexium] are best given at this time:
Morning or on an empty stomach
The big difference between Proton Pump inhibitors {shut down as much stomach acid as they can} and H2 blockers {decrease the amount of stomach acid}:
H2 blockers = decrease the amount of stomach acid
PPI = shut down as much stomach acid as they can
This antiemetic may cause tissue necrosis if given IV undiluted:
Phenergan (promethazine)
Common drug classification that can cause diarrhea from neutralizing the normal GI flora:
Antibiotics
A common antiemetic 5HT3 receptor antagonist:
Ondansetron (Zofran)
Granisetron (Kytril)
Most common group of lipid lowering drugs that work by decreasing the production of cholesterol in the liver:
+ Statins
- Simvastatin
- Atorvastatin
- Lovastatin
Two most common S/E of nitroglycerin or vasodilators {lowers BP}:
Headaches
Drop in BP
The average dose of aspirin to take daily to prevent platelet aggregation:
Low Dose Aspirin = 81 mg
Digoxin is from this drug category:
Cardiac Glycoside
This group of antihypertensive meds works by blocking the effects of epinephrine which decreases HR and the force of contraction:
Beta Blocker
Drug classification for the treatment of HIV:
Antiretroviral
This is the type of IV tubing appropriate to use for an infant or small child:
Microdrip
Effects of an anticoagulant drug:
Prevents clot or prevents the clot from getting bigger
What method is used to administer irritating medications through the IM route:
Z-track
This antifungal drug causes some degree of renal insufficiency:
Polyenes: Amphotericin B (Amphocin)
[Ampho - terrible]
How to administer promethazine (Phenergan):
Common Phenothiazine
Problem with this is when we give it in an IV route. This med is classified as a vesicant
How we give this safely for nausea and vomiting:
1. Deep IM injection into a large muscle is the preferred parenteral route of this med
2. Giving the drug in concentrations in no larger than 25 mg/mL
3. Administering the drug at a rate no greater than 25 mg / per minute
4. Injecting the drug through the tubing of an infusion set that’s running and is known to be working satisfactory
5. Stopping the injection immediately if the pt reports burning
6. Starting IV does 6.25 - 12.25 the starting dose
7. Give through large bore vein
8. Check the patency of access site
9. Port furthest from vein
