Week 11: Chapter 25 Study Guide

Question 1

Trade name of: gabapentin

Answer 1

Neurontin

Question 2

Trade name of: Valproic acid

Answer 2

Depakote

Question 3

Trade name of: Primadone

Answer 3

Mysoline

Question 4

Trade name of: Carbamazepine

Answer 4

Tegretol

Question 5

Trade name of: Clonazepam

Answer 5

Klonopin

Question 6

Trade name of: Ethosuximide

Answer 6

Zarontin

Question 7

Trade name of: Phenytoin

Answer 7

Dilantin

Question 8

Define: Epilepsy

Answer 8

Brain d/o causing recurrent unprovoked seizures

Question 9

Define: Myoclonic seizure

Answer 9

Brief muscle jerk due to abnormal brain activity

Question 10

Define: Seizure

Answer 10

Uncontrolled brain activity that may result in physical convulsion

Question 11

Define: Partial seizure

Answer 11

Abnormal brain activity that starts in one part, my spread to the entire brain

Question 12

Define: Aura

Answer 12

Tingling, smell, or emotional changes occurring before a seizure

Question 13

Define: Status epilepticus

Answer 13

Prolonged seizure or series of repeated seizures in a short interval

Question 14

Define: Absence seizure

Answer 14

Blank stare, chewing movements, lasting less than 29 seconds

Question 15

Define: Tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 15

Stiffening or rigidity of arm and leg muscles with loss of consciousness

Question 16

Define: Atonic seizure

Answer 16

Sudden loss of muscle tone followed by confusion

Question 17

Define: Postictal phase

Answer 17

Interval following a seizure featuring confusion, headache, and fatigue

Question 18

Define: Generalized seizure

Answer 18

Electrical discharges from both sides of the brain

Question 19

Loss of coordination, clumsiness: _____________________________

Answer 19

Ataxia

Question 20

Double vision: ________________________________

Answer 20

Diplopia

Question 21

Involuntary movements of the eye: ________________________________

Answer 21

Nystagmus

Question 22

Excessive growth of gum tissue:______________________________

Answer 22

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 23

Low platelet count: _______________________________________

Answer 23

Thrombocytopenia

Question 24

Low WBC count: ____________________________________

Answer 24

Neutropenia or Leukopenia

Question 25

clonazepam (Klonopin):

Answer 25

Action not well understood but most likely slows or stops transmission of abnormal electrical impulses

Question 26

gabapentin (Neurontin):

Answer 26

Stabilizes the membranes of neurons to decrease seizure activity

Question 27

phenobarbital (Luminal):

Answer 27

Blocks or slows the spread of abnormal electrical impulses

Question 28

primidone (Mysoline):

Answer 28

Turns into phenobarbital in the body and blocks or slows the spread of abnormal electrical impulses

Question 29

What can the nurse do do reduce nausea and vomiting in a pt who is taking carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

Answer 29

Give the medication with food

Question 30

Which are essential aspects of care for a pt who is experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure?

Answer 30

1. Help the person to the floor 2. Loosen clothing around the neck 3. Remove sharp objects

Question 31

Which two drugs are given to control seizures may become habit forming?

Answer 31

Phenobarbital (Luminal) and clonazepam (Klonopin)

Question 32

An older adult is more likely to experience which A/E from a first dose of phenytoin?

Answer 32

``` Chest pain Confusion Restlessness Nervousness Abnormal Heart beat ```

Question 33

Although many drugs to treat seizures are considered category C or D, what are the risks to mother and fetus is a seizure occurs during pregnancy?

Answer 33

Oxygen loss to the fetus | Physical injury to the mother or fetus if a fall occurs

Question 34

Which statement demonstrates a pts understanding of therapy with valproic acid (Depakote)?

Answer 34

If I notice slowed wound healing, I will call my doctor right away

Question 35

A pt is taking phenytoin should be instructed to call the prescriber immediately if he or she develops what condition?

Answer 35

Difficulty coordinating movements

Question 36

The health care facility should plan to have which drug immediately available in the event a pt experiences status epilepticus?

Answer 36

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Question 37

Good oral hygiene is important for pts who are taking phenytoin (Dilantin) over long periods of time because of what S/E?

Answer 37

Gingival hyperplasia

Question 38

Which consideration is most important to remember for adolescents who are taking a first line drug for generalized seizures?

Answer 38

Sometimes they stop taking the medication to avoid gum changes

Question 39

Which instruction is most appropriate for a nurse to teach a pregnant pt who is taking a second line drug for seizures?

Answer 39

Dizziness is more common when taking lamotrigine (Lamictal)

Question 40

The nurse is obtaining a list of home medications for a pt who will be taking phenytoin (Dilantin) and an anticoagulant. What is the possible interaction between these two drugs?

Answer 40

The pt is at higher risk for bleeding

Question 41

A pt is taking an antiseizure drug should avoid which food item?

Answer 41

Grapefruit juice

Question 42

A pt taking valproic acid (Depakote) has developed a nosebleed and bruises resulting from very minor injuries. The pt may be developing which A/E?

Answer 42

Reduced platelet count

Question 43

During the transfer process between facilities, a pts prescription for phenytoin (Dilantin) was overlooked. What consequence could occur to the pt?

Answer 43

The pt could develop seizures

Question 44

Which are possible consequences of exposure to phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy?

Answer 44

Increased risk for cleft palate Growth deficiencies Skull abnormalities

Question 45

A pt who takes carbamazepine (Tegretol) is discussing an upcoming vacation to a sunny beach location. Which special instruction is most crucial to provide for this pt?

Answer 45

Wear sunscreen to avoid skin sensitivity

Question 46

A pt will be taking an antacid to deal with heartburn symptoms. She is also taking phenytoin (Dilantin) to treat seizures. How can the nurse best help the pt schedule use of these medications?

Answer 46

Give the phenytoin 3 hours before taking the antacid