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Pharmacology > Week 11: Chapter 25 Study Guide > Flashcards

Week 11: Chapter 25 Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Trade name of: gabapentin

A

Neurontin

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2
Q

Trade name of: Valproic acid

A

Depakote

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3
Q

Trade name of: Primadone

A

Mysoline

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4
Q

Trade name of: Carbamazepine

A

Tegretol

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5
Q

Trade name of: Clonazepam

A

Klonopin

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6
Q

Trade name of: Ethosuximide

A

Zarontin

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7
Q

Trade name of: Phenytoin

A

Dilantin

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8
Q

Define: Epilepsy

A

Brain d/o causing recurrent unprovoked seizures

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9
Q

Define: Myoclonic seizure

A

Brief muscle jerk due to abnormal brain activity

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10
Q

Define: Seizure

A

Uncontrolled brain activity that may result in physical convulsion

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11
Q

Define: Partial seizure

A

Abnormal brain activity that starts in one part, my spread to the entire brain

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12
Q

Define: Aura

A

Tingling, smell, or emotional changes occurring before a seizure

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13
Q

Define: Status epilepticus

A

Prolonged seizure or series of repeated seizures in a short interval

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14
Q

Define: Absence seizure

A

Blank stare, chewing movements, lasting less than 29 seconds

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15
Q

Define: Tonic-clonic seizure

A

Stiffening or rigidity of arm and leg muscles with loss of consciousness

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16
Q

Define: Atonic seizure

A

Sudden loss of muscle tone followed by confusion

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17
Q

Define: Postictal phase

A

Interval following a seizure featuring confusion, headache, and fatigue

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18
Q

Define: Generalized seizure

A

Electrical discharges from both sides of the brain

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19
Q

Loss of coordination, clumsiness: _____________________________

A

Ataxia

20
Q

Double vision: ________________________________

A

Diplopia

21
Q

Involuntary movements of the eye: ________________________________

A

Nystagmus

22
Q

Excessive growth of gum tissue:______________________________

A

Gingival hyperplasia

23
Q

Low platelet count: _______________________________________

A

Thrombocytopenia

24
Q

Low WBC count: ____________________________________

A

Neutropenia or Leukopenia

25
Q

clonazepam (Klonopin):

A

Action not well understood but most likely slows or stops transmission of abnormal electrical impulses

26
Q

gabapentin (Neurontin):

A

Stabilizes the membranes of neurons to decrease seizure activity

27
Q

phenobarbital (Luminal):

A

Blocks or slows the spread of abnormal electrical impulses

28
Q

primidone (Mysoline):

A

Turns into phenobarbital in the body and blocks or slows the spread of abnormal electrical impulses

29
Q

What can the nurse do do reduce nausea and vomiting in a pt who is taking carbamazepine (Tegretol)?

A

Give the medication with food

30
Q

Which are essential aspects of care for a pt who is experiencing a tonic-clonic seizure?

A
  1. Help the person to the floor
  2. Loosen clothing around the neck
  3. Remove sharp objects
31
Q

Which two drugs are given to control seizures may become habit forming?

A

Phenobarbital (Luminal) and clonazepam (Klonopin)

32
Q

An older adult is more likely to experience which A/E from a first dose of phenytoin?

A 
Chest pain
Confusion
Restlessness
Nervousness
Abnormal Heart beat
33
Q

Although many drugs to treat seizures are considered category C or D, what are the risks to mother and fetus is a seizure occurs during pregnancy?

A

Oxygen loss to the fetus

Physical injury to the mother or fetus if a fall occurs

34
Q

Which statement demonstrates a pts understanding of therapy with valproic acid (Depakote)?

A

If I notice slowed wound healing, I will call my doctor right away

35
Q

A pt is taking phenytoin should be instructed to call the prescriber immediately if he or she develops what condition?

A

Difficulty coordinating movements

36
Q

The health care facility should plan to have which drug immediately available in the event a pt experiences status epilepticus?

A

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

37
Q

Good oral hygiene is important for pts who are taking phenytoin (Dilantin) over long periods of time because of what S/E?

A

Gingival hyperplasia

38
Q

Which consideration is most important to remember for adolescents who are taking a first line drug for generalized seizures?

A

Sometimes they stop taking the medication to avoid gum changes

39
Q

Which instruction is most appropriate for a nurse to teach a pregnant pt who is taking a second line drug for seizures?

A

Dizziness is more common when taking lamotrigine (Lamictal)

40
Q

The nurse is obtaining a list of home medications for a pt who will be taking phenytoin (Dilantin) and an anticoagulant. What is the possible interaction between these two drugs?

A

The pt is at higher risk for bleeding

41
Q

A pt is taking an antiseizure drug should avoid which food item?

A

Grapefruit juice

42
Q

A pt taking valproic acid (Depakote) has developed a nosebleed and bruises resulting from very minor injuries. The pt may be developing which A/E?

A

Reduced platelet count

43
Q

During the transfer process between facilities, a pts prescription for phenytoin (Dilantin) was overlooked. What consequence could occur to the pt?

A

The pt could develop seizures

44
Q

Which are possible consequences of exposure to phenytoin (Dilantin) during pregnancy?

A

Increased risk for cleft palate
Growth deficiencies
Skull abnormalities

45
Q

A pt who takes carbamazepine (Tegretol) is discussing an upcoming vacation to a sunny beach location. Which special instruction is most crucial to provide for this pt?

A

Wear sunscreen to avoid skin sensitivity

46
Q

A pt will be taking an antacid to deal with heartburn symptoms. She is also taking phenytoin (Dilantin) to treat seizures. How can the nurse best help the pt schedule use of these medications?

A

Give the phenytoin 3 hours before taking the antacid

Pharmacology (55 decks)

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