Week 11: Chapter 26 Study Guide Flashcards
Trade name of: Namenda
mematine
Trade name of: Aricept
donepezil
Trade name of: Exelon
rivastigmine
Trade name of: Reminyl
galantamine
What drug category is: entacapone (Comtan)
COMT inhibitor
What drug category is: selegiline (Eldepryl)
MAOB inhibitor
What drug category is: pramipexole (Mirapex)
Dopamine antagonist
What drug category is: apomorphine (Apokyn)
Dopamine antagonist
What drug category is: tolcapone (Tasmar)
COMT inhibitor
What drug category is: rasagiline (Azilect)
MAOB inhibitor
What drug category is: benztropine (Cogentin)
Anticholinergic
What drug category is: ropinirole (Requip)
Dopamine antagonist
What drug category is: trihexyphenidyl (Artane)
Anticholinergic
What drug category is: bromocriptine (Parlodel)
Dopamine antagonist
What drug category is: carbddopa/ levodopa (Sinemet)
Dopamine antagonist
A progressive, incurable condition that destroys brain cells, gradually causing loss of intellectual abilities:
Alzheimer’s disease
The loss of intellectual functions of sufficient severity to interfere with a persons daily functioning:
Dementia
A unique type of cell found in the brain and body that is specialized to process and transmit information:
Neuron
A chemical substance that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse:
Neurotransmitter
A progressive d/o of the nervous system marked by muscle tremors, muscle rigidity, decreased mobility, stooped posture, slowed voluntary movements, and a masklike facial expression:
Parkinson’s disease
Cholinesterase/ acetylcholinesterase inhibitors __________________ the activity of the ________________ acetylcholinesterase.
Reduce
Enzyme
_____________________ ___________________ block cholinergic nerve impulses to help control muscle movements.
Anticholinergic drugs
Dopaminergic/ dopamine agonists increase the amount of _______________ _________________ in the brain.
Dopamine activity
Alzheimer’s disease affects ______ % of people over the age of 65, and as many as ______% of people over the age 85.
10%
50%
Parkinson’s disease most commonly begins between the ages ______ and _____.
50
75
In Parkinson’s disease, nerve cells degenerate in part of the basal ganglia called the _________ ________.
Substantia nigra
Before administering apomorphine (Apokyn), the nurse should obtain appropriate equipment to administer the medication by which route?
Subcutaneous
Due to the progressive effects of Alzheimer’s disease, what must the nurse assess in a pt with the disease before administering oral medication?
Ability to swallow
What must family and pts be taught about administration of time-release forms of medication?
Do NOT open or crush
A family member asks the nurse for assistance with “sorting out and organizing” medications for a pt who has Alzheimer’s disease. Which medication is being given for which d/o?
Aricept: acetylcholinesterase inhibitor treats Alzheimer’s disease
Which drug for Alzheimer’s disease reduces the activity of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase that breaks down acetylcholine in the synapses of neurons?
galantamine (Reminyl)
A pt who is taking donepezil (Aricept) for Alzheimer’s disease should be monitored for symptoms of which of the following A/E?
Seizures
Atrial fibrillation
Muscle weakness
A nursing assistant in a long-term care facility reports that a pt with Alzheimer’s disease choked several time during breakfast this morning. Which action is best to take before giving sustained-released galantamine (Razadyne) to the pt?
Assess the pts swallowing ability before giving the medication
Which statement by the family member indicates a correct understanding about the use of memantine (Namenda) for Alzheimer’s disease?
I will keep the medication stored in a safe location
An older woman with AD is very frail, weighing only 94 lbs. The nurse is reviewing the pts med record and notes that donepezil (Aricept) 10 mg PO at bedtime has been prescribed. What is the best action to take?
Consult with the prescriber about the drug dosage
A pt who is taking entacapone (Comtan) reports feeling weak and achy recently. What question should the nurse ask the pt next?
What color is your urine
A pt who is taking ropinirole (Requip) to treat PD should be watched carefully for which potentially dangerous effect?
Episodes of falling asleep suddenly
A pt who is taking selegiline (Eldepryl) proudly announces he will be attending a college graduation party for his grandson. Which item must the pt avoid when taking this medication?
Beer
An older adult who is taking medication for PD should be cautioned to use extra care when walking because of which drug response?
Confusion and hallucination
