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EMT > Week 3 (6,9,10,11) > Flashcards

Week 3 (6,9,10,11) Flashcards

1
Q

PERRLA

A

Pupils
Equal
Round
Reactive
Light
Accommodating

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2
Q

Who is a badass

A

You is

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3
Q

Cyanosis

A

Bluish skin
Moderate Sign of Hypoxia
(Starts at fingers and works up as it gets worse)

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4
Q

Mottled

A

splotchy purpleish skin
Lace like patter
Possible sign of shock

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5
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellowing of skin / mucus membranes

Sign of liver failure

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6
Q

Pallor

A

Paleness

vasoconstriction
bloodloss
shock
heart attack
anemia

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7
Q

Flushed

A

Red Skin

Heat exposure
Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

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8
Q

Fontenelle

A

Soft spots on infants head where the skull has not fused yet

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9
Q

Define

Hypotension

A

Lower than normal BP

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10
Q

Define

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen

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11
Q

Define

Hypoxemia

A

low oxygen in the blood

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12
Q

Define

Hypertension

A

Higher than normal BP

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13
Q

List

Breath Sounds

A

wheezing
Rhonchi
Rales
crowing/ stridor
Gurgling
snoring

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14
Q

what causes

Wheezing

what does it sound like

A

swelling constriction of lower airways

High pitched exhalation but can also be heard during inhalation

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15
Q

what causes

Rhonchi

what does it sound like

A

obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions of mucus
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia

coarse crackles, are snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation

sound changes if person coughs/changes position

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16
Q

what causes

Rales

What does it sound like

Where do you Auscultate to here

A

fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles
pulmonary edema or pneumonia

bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation

posterior base of lungs

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17
Q

What causes

Crowing/stridor

What does it sound like?

How to correct

A

swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions
airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway

high-pitched sounds produced on inspiration

typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct

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18
Q

What causes

Gurgling

How to correct

A

liquid substance in airway

Suction Airway

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19
Q

What causes

Snoring

How to correct

A

Tongue or Epiglottis bloacking airway

Head tilt chin lift

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20
Q

Define

Apnea

A

Not breathing

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21
Q

Consensual reflex

A

Both pupils reacting equally

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22
Q

Signs/symptoms

Hypoxia

mild-moderate

A

Tachypnea
Dyspnea
Pale, cool, clammy skin (early)
Tachycardia
Elevation in blood pressure
Restlessness and agitation
Disorientation and confusion
Headache

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23
Q

Define

Tachypnea

A

increased respiratory rate

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24
Q

Define

Dyspnea

A

shortnes of breath

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25
# Signs/Symptoms Hypoxia | Severe
Tachypnea Dyspnea Cyanosis Tachycardia dysrhythmias bradycardia Severe confusion Loss of coordination Sleepy appearance Head bobbing with droopy eyelids Slow reaction time Altered mental status Seizure
26
# Define dysrhythmias
Irregular heart rythmes
27
# Define Diaphoretic
excessive sweating and clamminess
28
# Define hypercarbia
buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood
29
# What is cricoid pressure ## Footnote Disadvantages
backward pressure to displace the larynx posteriorly | BURP, ELM ## Footnote can impede airflow used to facilitate endotracheal tube
30
# signs/symptoms Respiratory distress | Treatment
Compensatory (Adequate Tidal volume and Respiratory rate) SOB Resltessness/anxiety Retractions Abdominal breathing coughing tripod position 94% or greater. | Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain SPO2
31
# Define Respiratory Failure | Treatment
Compensatory Mech. not working. insufficient rate/ tidal volume | bag-valve-mask device with supplemental oxygen connected to the device.
32
Respiratory Arrest
stopped breathing (Agonal possible)
33
orthostatic vital signs
1. BP + HR in supine 2.stand pt up and after 2 mins BP + HR 3.while standing. 4. HR increases by greater than 10–20 bpm systolic blood pressure decreases by 10–20 mmHg as compared to the readings taken while the patient was supine = positive orthostatic test, which typically indicates a significant loss of blood or fluid
34
Alveolar ventilation
amount of air moved in and out of the alveoli in one minute.
35
Lordosis
stomach is too anterior and the buttocks are too posterior, causing excessive stress on the lumbar region of the back
36
kyphosis
shoulders are rolled forward, which results in fatigue of the lower back and increases pressure on every region of the spine
37
Emergency move
AMS Inadequate respiratory rate Indications of shock Injuries to head, neck, chest, abdomen, pelvis Fracture of both femurs Major bleeding | immediate threat to life and the patient must be moved quickly
38
Cap refill
2 seconds for infants, children, and male adults; 3 seconds for females; 4 seconds in the elderly. | compressed capillaries to fill up again with blood
39
Adjectives to describe pulse
1.Rapid, regular full Exertion, fright, fever, high blood pressure, or very early stage of blood loss 2.Rapid, regular, and thready Reliable sign of shock = early stage of blood loss 3.slow Head injury, barbiturate or narcotic use, some poisons, possible cardiac problem or other medical conditions such as hypothyroidism 4.No pulse Cardiac arrest, profound hypotension
40
7 places to palpate pulses
Carotid femorial radial brachial popliteal (behind knee) Posterior tibial dorsalis pedis
41
Life span ages
Neonate - birth to one month Infant - one month - 1 year toddler - 1-2 years Preschooler - 3-5 years child - 6-11 adolescent - 12- 15/18 adult - 20-40 middle age - 41-60 late adult - 61 and up
42
Infant reflexes
blinking, startling, rooting, sucking, swallowing, stepping, gagging, and grasping reflexes.
43
OPA
Dis. cannot be used on pt with gag reflex too long can push tongue or epiglottis and obstruct. does not protect from aspiration Adv. keeps tongue from falling back
44
NPA
Adv. Used when pt has gag reflex/can't take OPA Dis. does not protect for aspiration, can damage nose and cause bleeding, not used when there is facial trauma or skull fracture
45
O2 sat %, and meaning
person breathing room air is in the high 90s, typically 97–100% SpO2 Less than 94% - indicate hypoxia, needs to be investigated - Apply 02 90% or less is a definite indication of hypoxia. | Low BP Hypothermia Excessive movement nail polish Anemia Co2
46
When to take vitals stable/nonstable
Stable - every 15 mins Unstable - every 5 mins
47
Assessing skin color
Look - Mottled, Cyanosis, red, pallor, Edema, bruising Feel - Back of hand for temp, Clamminess Cap refill (Perfusion)
48
correct BP cuff placement
Adult or Ped cuff Pt sitting, palm up, legs not crossed, one inch above crease of elbow. Arrow pointing to brachial artery level with the heart
49
CPAP indications
Awake, alert, and oriented enough to obey commands Able to maintain own airway Able to breathe on his own respiratory rate >25 breaths/minute moderate to severe respiratory distress or early respiratory failure (use of accessory muscles or SpO2 <94%) Presenting with increased end tidal CO2 (ETCO2) values Able to wear the face mask or interface chosen
50
CPAP contraindications
Apnea respiratory arrest agonal respirations Inability to understand or obey commands (GCS <11) Inability to maintain his own airway Unresponsiveness Shock associated with cardiac insufficiency (signs of poor perfusion and a SBP <90 mmHg) Cardiac arrestActive vomiting Upper gastrointestinal bleeding or history of recent gastric surgery Pneumothorax or trauma to the chest Tracheotomy Facial trauma Increased intrathoracic pressure causing hypotension
51
Types of respiratory drives
Hypercarbic - when the carbon dioxide level decreases in the blood, the chemoreceptors sense this and send signals hypoxic drive - chemoreceptors relying on O2 levels
52
Supplies needed to start an IV
IV Catheter Tubing Bag of fluid tape Tegaderm Alcohol prep 4x4 tourniquet flush
53
NRB
Nonrebreather mask 15 LPM 90% O2 still able to breath on own ppv
54
FROPVD
Flow-Restricted, Oxygen-Powered Ventilation Device PPV 100% adult pt only breathing on own | dis. emt not aware of lung compliance
55
BVM
Bag valve mask deliver 600ml of O2 15 lpm 21% O2 Add O2 = 100% O2 PPV
56
Humidified O2
recommended for asthma pt for long transport makes dryness more comfy
57
nasal canula
24 – 44% oxygen 1-6 lpm
58
upper airway structures
nasalpharynx oropharynx vellecula eppiglottis larynx (trachea, esophagus - lower)
59
Indications of giving adequate ventilation
Rate chest rise and fall heart rate returns to normal color improves
60
what decreases minute volume
Tidal volumexfrequency (MV) decreases: tidal volume
61
Hazards of O2 therapy
increase coronary artery in pt with cardiac disease tissue damage in stroke and acute coronary syndrome O2 toxicity damage to retina through scare tissue Respiratory depression or respiratory arrest in patients with COPD
62
When to suction
Always before ventilation
63
Types of suctioning
rigid/hard/yankaur soft/French
64
Causes of hypoxia
occluded airway inadequate breathing, hypoperfusion or shock toxic gases lung and airway diseases (e.g., asthma and emphysema), drug overdose that suppresses the respiratory center in the brain stroke, injury to the chest or respiratory structures head injury.
65
signs of inadequate airway
Abnormal upper airway sound An awake patient who is unable to speak foreign body airway obstruction Swelling to the mouth, tongue, or oropharynx
66
drug effect on pupils
Amphetamines - constricts Opioids - Dilates
67
O2 tank pressure
2,000 PSI
68
12 lead placement
V1 lead immediately right of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space V2 immediate left of the sternum at the fourth intercostal space V4 to the left midclavicular line at the fifth intercostal space V3 place midway between V2 and V4 leads on the left anterior chest V5 to the left anterior axillary line at the same level as V4 V6 to the left midaxillary line at the same level as V4 and V5
69
Steps for Kingtube and combitube placement
Check for obstructions Correct sizing Lubricate device Insert until blocked Inflate
70
Factors to consider before moving patient
PT Spinal injuries Body mechanics Planning a move (gear and people needed) Packing a patient
71
Adult
Rr : 12-20 Hr: 60-100 Bp: 120/80
72
Adolecent
12-18 Rr: 12-20 Hr: 60-100 Bp: 110/65 - 130/80
73
Child
6-11 Rr: 18-25 Hr: 75-118 Bp: 90/45 - 112/72

EMT (42 decks)

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