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EMT > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

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1
Q

What 8 medications are in the EMT scope?

A

Albuterol
Aspirin
Nitroglycerin
Narcan
Oral Glucose
Activated Charcoal
Epinephrine
Oxygen

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2
Q

Sympathomimetic

A

mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Such drugs are used to treat cardiac arrest, low blood pressure, or even delay premature labor, amongst other things

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3
Q

Beta 2 agonist

A
  • class of drugs used to treat asthma and other pulmonary disease states
  • act on the beta 2 adrenergic receptor
  • causing smooth muscle relaxation, resulting in dilation of bronchial passages.
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4
Q

Albuterol

Trade Name

Class of drug

A

Trade: Ventolin, Proventil
Class: Sympathomimetic, selective beta 2 agonist

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5
Q

Albuterol

Actions

Onset, Duration

A
  • Activates the beta 2 adrenergic receptors to relax smooth muscle
  • Bronchodilation, relieves bronchospasms, and reduces airway resistance
    Onset = 5 Mins
    Duration = 3-4 Hours
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6
Q

Albuterol

Indications

A
  • Respiratory distress with bronchospasms
    o Respiratory origin
    o Allergic reaction/anaphylaxis
    o Pneumonia
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7
Q

Albuterol

Contraindications

A
  • MI
  • Cardiac pulmonary edema
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias associated with tachycardia (relative, >120) – paramedic is responsible for EKG, paramedic and EMT are responsible for identifying heart rate.
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8
Q

Albuterol

Side Effects

A
  • Restlessness/anxiety
  • Vertigo
  • Tachycardia/palpations
  • Dysrhythmias – paramedic
  • Heavy chest (Paradoxical Bronchospasms)
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9
Q

Albuterol

Special Information

A
  • Albuterol may precipitate angina pectoris and dysrhythmias. Check lung sounds, O2 saturation,
  • paramedic checks capnography, respiratory rate before and after administration of Albuterol.
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10
Q

Albuterol

Dosage/Route

A

SVN 2.5 mg in 3 mL of saline @ 6 lpm
* repeat as needed.
* Connect oxygen tubing to SVN and run at 6-8 lpm.
MDI is equal to 90 mcg.

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11
Q

Aspirin

Chemical/trade name

Class of drug

A

Chemical name: ASA, Acetylsalicylic Acid

Trade: Bayer, St. Joseph, and multiple others

Class: Antiplatelet

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12
Q

Aspirin

Actions

onset/duration

A
  • Interrupts Thomboxane A2
  • Inhibits plateltes. makes them slippery.
  • Onset = 15-30 minutes Duration = 4-6 hours
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13
Q

Aspirin

Indications

A
  • Any kind of chest pain of suspected cardiac origin
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14
Q

Aspirin

Contraindications

A
  • Unable to swallow
  • Caution if patient has history of active bleeding ulcer
  • Asthma Attack
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15
Q

Aspirin

Side effects

A
  • Stomach irritation (nausea/vomiting, epigastric pain, heartburn, indigestion)
  • Bronchospasms in some patients with asthma – cause yet to be fully understood
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16
Q

Aspirin

Special Information

A
  • can be chewed and swallowed
  • minimizes clotting process
  • just stops growth does not get rid of clot
  • can be given to pt on anti-coagulants
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17
Q

Aspirin

Dosage/route

A
  • Oral route (po)
  • range from 162 mg to 325 mg
  • 2 to 4, 81 mg tablets
  • 4, 81 mg tablets for a total of 324 mg
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18
Q

MDI

A

Meter dose inhaler

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19
Q

SVN

A

Small Volume Nebulizer

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20
Q

Antiplatelet drugs

A

Prevent blood clots from forming

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21
Q

Nitroglycerine

Actions

Onset/duration

A
  • Relaxes systemic venous and arterial vessels = vasodilation =
    o Decreasing cardiac preload and afterload, myocardial workload, myocardial O2 consumption
  • Dilates coronary arteries
  • SL Onset = 2 min
    Topical onset = 30-60 min
  • SL Duration = 30-60 min
    Topical = 24 hours
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22
Q

Nitroglycerine

Indications

A
  • CHest pain
  • Cardiac pulmonary edema – paramedic only
23
Q

Nitroglycerine

Contraindications

A
  • Systolic BP less than 90
  • Suspected right ventricular MI
  • ED meds within 24 hours (Viagra, Cialis, Levitra) = Hypotension & Tachycardia
24
Q

Nitroglycerine

Side effects

A
  • Headache
  • Hypotension
  • Increased HR
  • Vertigo
  • Nausea
25
Q

Nitroglycerine

Special Considerations

A
  • Cumulative, reapeat doses usually necessary
  • do not shake bottle
  • Inform pt of side effects
  • Remind pt to not swallow
  • burning sensation under tongue possible
26
Q

Nitroglycerine

Doses / Route

A
  • SL Routeor patch
  • If systolic BP > 100 = administer 0.4 mg SL q 3-5 minutes
  • no more than 3 doses is usually ineffective
27
Q

Nitroglycerine

Generic/trade

Class

A

Generic: Nitro / Nitroglycerine

Trade: Nitrostat, Nitro-bid, Nitrolingual

Class: Nitrate

28
Q

Define

SL

A

Sublingual

29
Q

Oral Glucose

Trade / Class

A

Trade: Glutose, Insta-Glucose

Class: Monosaccharide, Carbohydrate

30
Q

Oral Glucose

Actions

Onset/Duration

A
  • obsorbed in GI tract - Distributed to tissues
  • Onset (Dependent on pts hypoglycemia) = 1 - 10 min
  • Duration = varies
31
Q

Oral Glucose

Indications

A
  • Hypoglycemia (altered mental status with history of diabetes)
  • The ability to swallow the medication.
32
Q

Oral Glucose

Contraindications

A
  • Unresponsive, unable to swallow
33
Q

Oral Glucose

Precautions

A
  • Altered L.O.C.
  • Ascertain the patient’s ability to swallow an oral preparation of glucose without airway compromise.
  • Must be swallowed, not absorbed sublingually, or buccally
34
Q

Oral Glucose

Side effects

A
  • nausea
  • Hyperglycemia (Rare)
35
Q

Oral Glucose

Special Information

A
  • Symptomatic hypoglycemia = altered mental status
  • Check glucometer first
  • transport refusal = get pt food to eat + suggest someone remains with pt
  • Explination for hypoglycemia = Poor compliance, increased stress, decreased sleep, illness, change in insulin regiment
  • Comes in many forms = Gel, Liquid (Dextrose), tablet
36
Q

Oral Glucose

Dosage / Route

A

one tube = 15 grams
2-3 Tubes = 30 - 45 grams
pediatric = 4 - 45 grams

37
Q

Activated Charcoal

Trade/ Class

A

Generic: Activated Charcoal

Trade: SuperChar, InstaChar, Actidose, LiquiChar, Others (preferably use only aqueous charcoal, not charcoal in Sorbitol)

Class: Antidote, absorbent

38
Q

Activated Charcoal

Actions

A
  • Binds to certain poisons and prevents them from being absorbed into the body
  • Not all brands of activated charcoal are the same; some bind much more poison than others, so consult with medical direction regarding any questions as the brand that you carry.
39
Q

Activated Charcoal

Indications

A

Poisoning by mouth, oral poisoning

40
Q

Activated Charcoal

Contraindications

A

Inability to swallow, follow comands, protect own airway

41
Q

Agonist medication

A

Activate physiological receptors

42
Q

Antagonist medication

A

Blocks physiological receptors

43
Q

Medication Routes for EMT

A

Oral
Sublingual
Intramuscular
Inhaled
Intranasal

44
Q

5 Rights for Medication Administration

A

Right Patient
Right Medication
Right Route
Right Dose
Right Date / Time / Interval

45
Q

Medication review when to give

A

Oxygen = Anyone who needs it
Aspirin = Chest pain / MI
Nitro = Chest pain / MI
Epi = Anaphylaxis
Albuterol = Bronchoconstriction / Asthma
Oral Glucose = Hypoglycemia
Narcan = Suspected opiod overdose with respiratory depression
Activated charcoal = Poision/ingestions

46
Q

Activated Charcoal

Side effects

A

black stool
vomiting

47
Q

Activated charcoal

Special Information

A

pt Vomits = Dose repeated once
Does not adhere too (PHAILS):
Pesticides
Hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, lighter fluid, etc.) / Heavy metals (arsenic mercury, etc.)
Alcohols / Acids / Alkalis
Iron
Lithium
Solvents

48
Q

Activated Charcoal

Route / Dosage

A

1g = 1Kg

49
Q

Epinephrine

Actions / onset / duration

A
  • Bronchodilation
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Increased HR and automaticity of the heart
  • Onset - 5-10 min
  • Duration - 1-4 hours
50
Q

Epinephrine

Indications

A
  • Allergic reaction / Anaphylaxis
    (hives(expose chest/back), swelling of tongue/throat )
  • Medication is perscribed for this patient by a physician
51
Q

Epinephrine

Contraindications

A
  • None when used in a life threatening situation
  • Possible Myocardial Infraction
    (Tachycardia >150)
52
Q

Epinephrine

Side effects

A
  • Increased HR
  • Pallor
  • Vertigo
  • Chest pain
  • Headache
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • Anxiousness
53
Q

Epinephrine

Special information

A

Epinephrine increases myocardial oxygen demand; therefore, your patient with an allergic reaction should be on high-flow oxygen before and after administering epinephrine

54
Q

Epinephrine

Dosage/form

A

Dosage:
Adult - 0.3 mg (1:1000 epinephrine) x4 or 0.4 x 3 (dont exceed 1.2mg)
Pediatric - 0.15 mg (1:2000)
Form:
Liquid administered via automatically injected needle and syringe system

EMT (42 decks)

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