NREMT Part I + II Flashcards
9-8-8
history, public health, EMT role
National suicide and crisis lifeline
EMD
history, public health, EMT role
Emergency medical dispatcher
Quality Improvement (QI)
history, public health, EMT role
continuous review and auditing of all aspects of the Ems system to identify areas of improvement
EMS is also designed for what?
history, public health, EMT role
public health education and prevention efforts
EMS system evolved from what?
history, public health, EMT role
Battlefield medicine, ambulance operated by funeral homes and volunteers
EMS quality varied until what year
history, public health, EMT role
1970s
white paper
history, public health, EMT role
published in 1966. “accidental death and disability; the neglected disease of modern society” beginning of modern EMS
DOT
history, public health, EMT role
US department of transportation
EMT NSC
what is? and when was it developed?
history, public health, EMT role
EMT National Standard Curriculum first developed in 1970s by DOT
AHA
history, public health, EMT role
American Heart Association. increases emphasis on heart disease prevention, science, education in 1980s
NHTSA
history, public health, EMT role
National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. 1990s started work on EMS Agenda for the future
Public Access defibrillation started when/
history, public health, EMT role
1990s
NEMSES
When did it start
history, public health, EMT role
National EMS Education Standard. 2000s
What major additions did NEMSES add in 1990s
history, public health, EMT role
Administration of beta agonist meds, anticholinergic meds, OTC analgesics, BGL monitoring, CPAP, SPo2, Assisting higher level providers
Clinical Care
history, public health, EMT role
Outlines the scope of practice and associated equipment
Highest risk of harm
Reasons EMS is called
history, public health, EMT role
- Airway obstruction
- Respiratory distress/arrest
- Cardiac arrest
- Hypovolemic shock
- anaphylaxis
- stroke
- inhalation injury
EMT scope
whats in it?
history, public health, EMT role
- Everything in EMR scope
- Oral OTC analgesics (Aspirin, Narcan.Others not in our CO scope? )
- Anticholinergic meds (Not in Colorado right?exmpl: Atropine for poisoning)
Routine EMT activites that are high risk for patients
history, public health, EMT role
- transfer of pt care
- lifting and moving pts
- transportation
- Spinal Precautions
- Medication administration
QI or CQI
history, public health, EMT role
quality improvement
continuous quality improvement
1.review/auditing of EMS to identify areas of improvement
2.medical director responsible for this
Integrated public health examples
history, public health, EMT role
1.immunization clinics
2.prevention education
3.saftey and wellness events
4.public CPR training
Priority of saftey after yourself
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
1.partner
2.patient
3.bystanders
Stages of grief
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
1.Denial
2.Anger
3.Barganing
4.Depression
5.Acceptance
Acute stress
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
immediate physiological and psychological reaction. triggers “fight or flight response”
Delayed stress
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
stress reaction that developes after event. PTSD is an example
Cumulative Stress
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
1.exposure to stress over long period of time.
2.leads to burnout
Signs of stress or burnout
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
- Anxiety/irritability
- HA. Poor concentration
- loss of appitite, hard to sleep
- loss of interest
- increased alcohol/drug use
CISM
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Critical Incident Stress Management
CISM componants
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
- diffusing sessions (4 hours after incident)
- debreifing sessions (24-72 hours after incident)
- trained peer councilors and mental health professionals
- NOT for pt care crituiqe or performance evaluation
- information is confidential
Pathogens
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Cause infections diseases
Viral infections
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Resistance to antibiotics
Epidemic vs Pandemic
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
epidemic: widespread disease in community at certain time
pandemic: outbreak of disease across several countries or conitents
OSHA
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Occupational saftey and health administration
1.oversees woreplace saftey and infections disease precautions
where do you report exposure to?
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Designated infection control officer
Single most important way to prevent infection spread
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Handwashing
minimum PPE
workforce saftey/wellness/moving pt/pt restraint
Gloves
Eyeprotection
PPE for significant body fluid contact
gown
mask
faceshield
PPE for suspected airborne disease
HEPA or N95
Staging for PD
being called to a scene but maintain a clear distance until snece is cleared for saftey
Power grip
palms up and fingers wrapped
Emergency Moves
scene is dangerous and pt must be moved before providing care
Emergency move examples
1.armpit forearm drag
2.shirt drag
3.blanket drag
urgent move
when pt has potentially life threatening injury/illness must be moved quickly for evaluation
Rapid extraction
type of urgent move
1. for pt in motor vehicle
2. multiple rescuers and long backboard
Non-urgent moves
- direct ground lift
- extremity lift
- direct carry
- drawsheet method
log roll min people to perform
3
Hipaa law is?
Federal law requires the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed
Cultural competence
Ability to provide care to patients with diverse values, beliefs, and behaviors
HIPAA
Stands for health insurance portability and accountability act.
Established in 1966
4 components necessary to prove negligence
Duty to act
Breach of duty
Damage
Proximate cause
Negligence
Deviation from the standard of care that a reasonable person would use in a particular set of circumstances
- type of tort
- no intent to harm the pt
- breach of duty to act
Standard of care vs scope of practice
Scope is what you are allowed to do care is how well you need to be able to do it
5 types of consent
Expressed
Implied
Minor
Involuntary
Informed
Informed consent
Define
For patients who are alert and competent. They have to be informed of care plan and associated risks of accepting or refusing
Expressed consent
Define
The patient must be alert and competent. Can be given verbally or non verbally. Not as indepth as informed consent. For more basic assessments or procedures
Implied consent
Assumption of consent for an unresponsive or incompetent patient. Incopentancy may be due to alcohol, drug, head injury, hypoxia, hypoglycemia, or mental incompetence. Can be used for patients who refused care then passed out
Minor consent
Consent required from parent or guardian. It’s implied consent if unable to reach parent or guardian. Not required for emancipated minors who are married or pregnant, already a parent, member of the armed forces, emancipated by court.
Involuntary consent
Mentally incompetent or in custody of law. Consent must be obtained from the entity of appropriate legal authority
Hospital destination
Patients ability to pay should not figure into where they are transported
Document why the facility was chosen
When in doubt, consult medical direction
Components of a competent patient that can refuse transport
A&o x4
Legal age
No communication barriers (language or hearing)
Not impaired by drugs/alcohol
Not impaired by illness or injury
When can an emt release confidential patient information
Continuity of care
Billing
Emt has received a supenia
Reporting crime, abuse, assault, negligence, certain injuries, communicable diseases
Crime scene
special reporting considerations
Document position of patients and everything you touched
Report anyone or anything that seems suspicious
Emts professional ethics should reflect what?
Emt code of ethics published by national association for emts
E-PCR
Electronic patient care report
FCC
Federal communications commission
- regulates all radio operations in the U.S
- Alocated specific frequencies for EMS
Portable radios
Hand held vary limited range unless used with a repeater system
Mobile radios
Vehicle mounted greater range than portable radios repeater system is still required
Base station
Transmitter/receiver fixed location in contact with all components of radio system
Repeater
Type of base station low powered transmissions rebroadcast at higher power to improve range
MDC’s
Mobil Data Computers
- digital information reduces radio traffic
- displays information such as address of call, routing info, and call details
Guidelines for radio communications
Notify dispatch when en route, on scene, en route to hospital, at hospital, back in service
Do’s for radio communication.
- correct radio/frequency
- insure no other radio traffic before transmitting
- push to talk button for 1 sec before speaking
-state who you are talking to then who you are THEN speak - use clear text, not radio codes (unless approved locally)
- use affirmative and negative instead of yes and no
- use copy to confirm receipt of transmission
- always repeat orders for med direction to ensure accuracy