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EMT > NREMT part IV > Flashcards

NREMT part IV Flashcards

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1
Q

Adrenergic

A

Refers to the sympathetic nervous system
(epinephrine)

See ‘sympathomimetics’ card

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2
Q

Agonist

A

medications that stimulate and effect

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3
Q

Antagonist

A

Medications that inhibit an effect

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4
Q

Drug profile

A

Provides essential information about a drug

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5
Q

Cholinergic

A

Referes to parasympathetic nervous system

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6
Q

Pharmacokinetics

A

study of how drugs enter the body, how they are metabolized and eliminated

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7
Q

Pharmacodynamics

A

study of drugs effects on the body

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8
Q

Drug profile componants

A
  • Trade name
  • generic name
  • drug class
  • machanism of action
  • indications
  • contraindications
  • route of administration
  • side effects
  • supply (dose)
  • Special considerations
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9
Q

Sympathomimetics

A

Adrenergic drugs
- mimics effects of sympathetic nervous system
- exmpl: Epinephrine

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10
Q

Alpha 1,2
Beta 1,2

Actions

A

Alpha 1: Vasoconstriction, smooth muscle constriction
Alpha 2: regulates alpha 1
Beta 1: increase HR, heart force
Beta 2: smooth muscle dialation

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11
Q

Anticholinergic

Define

A
  • antagonist medication
  • Inhibits effects of parasympathetic nervous system
    E.x. Atropine and naloxone
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12
Q

“relative” contraindications

Define

A
  • Contraindications that allow for some descretion
    E.x withholding a drug may be more harmful than administering it
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13
Q

Enteral administration

Define

A
  • Drugs that enter the body through the digestive system
  • oral (PO)
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14
Q

Parenteral

Define

A
  • enter the body through all other avenues other than enteral
    E.x sublingal, inhaled, intramuscular
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15
Q

onset

Define

A

How long it takes the medication to begin the desired effect

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16
Q

peak

Define

A
  • How long until the medication reaches its peak effect
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17
Q

Duration

Define

A
  • How long medication will maintain desired effect
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18
Q

Enteral components

A
  • Slow onset
  • Safe
  • Unpredictable absorption
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19
Q

intramuscular components

A
  • Parenternal route
  • Rapid absorbtion
  • Not as fast as IV or IO
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20
Q

MAD

Define

A
  • Mucosal atomizer device
    E.x. Noloxone
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21
Q

Sublingal components

A
  • Under tongue
  • Faster onset than oral
  • Considered either enteral or parenteral
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22
Q

5 rights + one

Love NREMT

A
  • Right patient
  • Right drug
  • Right route
  • Right dose
  • Right time
  • Right documentation
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23
Q

analgesics

Define

A
  • Intravenous or over the counter pain medication
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24
Q

Activated charcoal

Common names

A
  • Actidose
  • Charcoal Aid
  • Liqui-Char
  • Super-Char
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25
Q

Aspirin

Common names

A
  • ASA
  • Anacin
  • Bayer
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26
Q

Epinephrine

Common names

A
  • Epipen
  • Auvi-Q
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27
Q

Atropine

Common names

A
  • Rafa auto injector
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28
Q

Naloxone

Common names

A
  • Narcan
  • Evzio
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29
Q

MDI

Define

A
  • Albuterol
  • Proventil
  • Ventolin
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30
Q

Oral Glucose

Common names

A
  • Glutose
  • Inst-glucose
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31
Q

Nitroglycerine

Common names

A
  • Nitrostat
  • Nirtolingual
  • NitroMist
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32
Q

Acute coronary syndrome

A

conditions caused by acute reduction of blood flow to the heart

33
Q

Angina

A

Transient chest pain due to lack of O2 to the heart muscle
* typically caused by plauque buildup in coronary arteries (atherosclerosis)
* Releived within 10 min of rest

34
Q

Unstable angina

A

Angina pectoris
- unpredictable onset
- unreleived by rest

35
Q

Myocardial ischemia

Define

A

Lack of oxygen to muscle

36
Q

Myocardial infarction

Define

A

Death to heart muscle becuase of lack of oxygen

37
Q

Silent MI

Patient populations that are more likely to have a silent MI

A
  • elderly patients
  • Women
  • Diabetics
  • Alcoholics
38
Q

AICD

Define

Whats that do?

A

Automatic implantible cardioverter - difibrillator

like an AED this resets the heart

This is not a pacemaker

39
Q

Pacemaker

Define

A

Helps regulate the patients cardiac rate

40
Q

Pacemaker malfunctioning S/S

A
  • Dizziness
  • weakness
  • Bradycardia
  • Hypotension
41
Q

VAD

define

Whats that do?

A
  • Ventricular assist device
  • Might not have a pulse

Replaces the function of the ventricles

42
Q

ICD

Define

A
  • Implantable cardioverter defibrillator
43
Q

Rate of compressions

AHA guidlines for cardiovascular resuscitation

A
  • Rate of compression 10-20/min
  • Adult depth of compressions - 2-2.4 inches
  • Children depth - 1/3rd the depth of the chest approximatly 2 inches
  • Infants - depth 1.5 inches
44
Q

Hypothermic cardiac arrest AED rules

AHA guidlines

A
  • 1 shock then transport
45
Q

indications for AED

A
  • Pulseless adults and infants over 28 days old
46
Q

Special situations for AED

A
  • AED may not deliver shock while moving in the ambulance
  • Adult pads can be used on peds
  • pediatric pads can not be used on adults
47
Q

cerebrovascular accident

Whats that?

A

Death of brain tissue due to interruption of blood flow
This is stroke

48
Q

CPSS

Define

A

Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale

49
Q

CPSS

Components

A
  • Facial droop
  • Arm drift
  • Slurred speech
50
Q

LPSS

Whats that?

A

Los angeles prehospital stroke screen

51
Q

Headache

RED FLAGS… OH NO

A
  • Worst headache they have head
  • Sudden onset of severe headache
  • AMS
  • older than 50
  • Immunocompromised
  • Hypertension
  • Fever
  • Stiff neck
  • vision changes
  • Signs of stroke
  • Recent trauma
52
Q

Special patient populations

A
53
Q

what age do organ start losing 1% of function every year

A

30

54
Q

Congestive heart failure unique S/S

A
  • Distended/spongy abd
  • orthopnea
  • paroxymal nocturnal dyspnea
  • Upright position
  • crackles/wheezes
  • JVD
  • peripheral edema
55
Q

left sided heart failure

Pathophysiology and specific s/s

A
  • left ventricle failure
  • fluid in lungs
  • left sided leads to right sided failure

-pulmonary edema
-dyspnea (exertion, at night, while supine)
-cough

56
Q

Right sided heart failure

Pathophysiology and specific s/s

A
  • left ventrical malfunction
  • fluid backsup into venous system

-JVD
-Pedal edema

57
Q

Compression to ventilation ratios

AHA guidelines

A

Single rescuer: 30:2
Adult: always 30:2
Children/infants(2 rescuers): 15:2
Meonates: 3:1

58
Q

Special CPR consideration for pregnant pt

AHA guideline

A

continuous lateral uterine displacement

59
Q

Special CPR consideration for Hypothermia

AHA guideline

A

Shock once then transport

60
Q

When does AED reanalyze for shock

A

after 2 mins

61
Q

Can AED deliver shock in moving ambulance

A

NO

62
Q

Cerebrovascular accident

A

Stroke
Death to brain tissue due to interruption in the blood flow

63
Q

Are ischemic or hemorrhagic strokes more likely?

A

Ischemic (87%)

64
Q

CPSS

A

Cincinnati prehospital stroke scale
- Facial droop
- arm drift
- Slurred speech

65
Q

LPSS

A

Los angeles prehospital stroke screen
- like CPSS but more in depth
- requires 9 assessments including GCS scale

66
Q

12 lead placement

A

V1 = fourth intercostal space right of sternum
V2= fourth intercostal space left of sternum
V3= directly between leads V2+V4
V4= fith intercostal space at mid-clavucular line
V5= level with V4 at left anterior axillary line
V6= level with V5 at left mid-axillary line (midpoint under armpit)

67
Q

AICD

what is and what do

A

Automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators
- Restarts pt heart

68
Q

Pacemaker

what is and what do

A
  • helps regulates pts cardiac rate by serving as artifical source of electrical impulses to stimulate heart
69
Q

pacemaker malfunction s/s

A
  • Dizzy
  • Weakness
  • bradycardia
  • Hypotension
70
Q

VAD

what is and what do

special considerations

A
  • replaces function of ventricals
  • pt may not have pulse
  • innacurate Spo2 reading
  • many vads have a ICD
71
Q

ICD

what is

A

implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

72
Q

GCS

min and max score

A

min = 3
max = 15

73
Q

GCS

3 componants to measure and their total scores

A
  • eye opening (4)
  • verbal response (5)
  • motor response (6)
74
Q

GSC eye opening scores

A

Spontaneous = 4
to speech = 3
to pain = 2
none = 1

75
Q

GCS verbal response scores

A

Alert and oriented = 5
confused = 4
inappropriate = 3
Incomprehensible = 2
none = 1

76
Q

GCS motor response scores

A

obey commands = 6
localizes pain = 5
withdrawls from pain = 4
abnormal flexion = 3
abnormal extension = 2
non = 1

77
Q

Tonic phase is

A

loss of consciousness
muscle rigidity

78
Q

Clonic phase is

A

jerking movement

79
Q
A

EMT (42 decks)

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