NREMT part V Flashcards
SRS
Whats that?
Safety restraint system
indications for air medical
- extended extraction time
- distance from hospital over 20 miles
- no ALS providers available
- MCI
- delay of ground transport
poikilothermia
define
Inability to regulate core body temp
Perfusion triangle
Problem with the pump, pipes, or fluid
Cullens sign
Whats that
Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus indicitive of internal bleeding
Kerhs sign
Whats that
- pain reffered to the left sholder on palpation indicitive of ruptured spleen
Cardiogenic shock S/S
Hypotension, Chest pain, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, Altered LOC
Obstructive shock causes
- Cardiac tamponade
- Tension pneumo
- pulmonary embolism
Distributive shock s/s
- Severe hypotension
- wheezing
- respiratory failure
- hives
- edema
- angio edema
- fever
neurogenic shock cause
Spinal cord injury typical at C-1 - C-5
neurogenic shock special consideration
they will typically NOT present with Tachycardia, Pale/cool/clammy(below level of injury)
Psychogenic shock caused by
syncope caused by acute, temporary, widespread vasodilation
Transport position for certain MOI/NOI
Shock: Supine
Chest pain/respiratory distress: comfort(fowler/semi-fowler)
Pregnant: on left side
Contusion vs hematoma
Contusion: Bruise
Hematoma: collection of blood beneath the skin
RICES
define and whats it for
Closed soft tissue injuries
Rest
Ice
Compression dressing
Elevation
Splinting
5 P’s of compartment syndrome
and bonus P :)
Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis
Poikilothermia
Define Paresthesia
Numbness
5 factors of burn severity
- Depth
- % of body burned
- Critical areas
- Associated trauma
- Age: <5 or >55
When to open airway and assist in ventilations during CPR
AHA guidelines
After initial 30 chest compressions during CPR
Kinetic energy formula
1/2 mass X velocity2
Low/medium/high velocity blunt trauma examples
low = knife,pancil,rebar
medium = most handguns
high = assault rifle
blast phase injuries
primary = pressure wave
secondary = flying deberis
tertiary = pt being thrown
Quaternary = burns, toxic fumes
Special population shock considerations
peds and gers
peds = vasoconstrict well, masks signs of shock. increased risk of hypovolemic shock due to dehydration
Ger = do not vasoconstrict well, limiting ability to compensate
Early shock s/s
- restless/anxious/irritable
- tachycardia
- palce/cool/clammy
- weak peripheral pulses
- tachypnea
- thirst
- possible delayed cap refill in peds
late shock s/s
- falling BP
- irregular breathing
- mottling/cyanosis
- absent peripheral pulses
- decreased LOC
Splinting
regular, joint and long bone
regular = above and below injury
Joint = joint and bone above and below
longbone = bone and joints above and below
Anterograde amnesia
inability to remeber events that occurred after injury
Retrograde amnesia
inability to remeber events that occured before (prior) to an injury
3 types of skull fractures
- linear
- Depressed
- basal
Cerebral contusion s/s
Caused by?
s/s of concussion and one of the following:
- possible ICP
- Decreasing mental status
- unresponsive
- pupillary changes
- abnormal vital signs
- behavior abnormalities
- vomiting
coup/contrecoup injury
Epidural hematoma
what is
bleeding between skull and dura mater
Epidural hematoma S/S
Fast onset and decline
- wake up then detiriorate
- HA
- sz
- vomiting
- hypertension
- bradycardia
- abnormal respirations
- pupillary changes
Subderal hematoma
what is
blood between dura mater and arachnoid layer
Subdural hematoma S/S
Slow onset (acute or chronic)
- no memory of event
- weakness/paralysis to one side of body
- dialation of one pupil
- decreasing pulse rate
- personality changes
Nuchal rigidity
stiff neck
subarachnoid hemorrhage
stuff about it and s/s
- blood can enter CSF
- Stiff ne4ck
3 major things to avoid when Tx TBI
- NO hypoxia
- No hypotension
- No hyperventilation (decreases cerebral perfusion)
hazards of full spinal immobilization
- increased pain
- respiratory compromise
- tissue damage
- ineffective immobilization
SMR
spine motion restriction
SMR indications
- blunt trauma with AMS
- spinal pain or tenderness
- numbeness or weakness
- anatomi deformity ofspine
- high-energy mechanism associated with intoxication/inability to communicate/distracting injury
SMR how to
- apply rigid cervical collor
- place pt on stretcher
- firmly strap patient in using stretcher seat belts
- does NOT include use of a spine board
Simple pneumothorax define
closed pulmonary injury where air leaks into the pleural space
Tension pneumothorax define
pneumo causing progressive buildup of air in pleural space
Abd organs most susceptable to injury in ger. falls
Aorta
liver
spleen
conjuctiva
membrane that covers the front of the eye and inside the eyelids
Cornea
transparent, dome shaped surface that covers the front of the eye
Iris
Colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil
Pupil
round opening at the center of the iris
sclera
visible white portion of the eye
what part of the eye can have objects you can try to remove via sterile saline
Sclera
Orbital fx s/s
- visual disturbances
- double vision
- deformity around the eye
- inability to move the eye in an upward gaze
Conjunctivitis
what is and s/s
eye infection (pink eye) hihgly contagious
- reddness
- itching
- tearing
hypothermia temps
mild: 90-95 (32-35 C)
moderate: 82-90 (28-32 C)
Severe: below 82 (28 C)
what stages of hypothermia does shivering start? when does it stop?
Start : mild
Stop: moderate
What happens to vital signs as hypothermia progresses
Bradypnea
bradycardia
hypotension
how long do you check for a pulse in a cold pt
30-35 seconds
trenchfoot s/s
- itching
- pain
- swelling
- cold/blotchy skin
- possible blistering
frostbite s/s
- hard/frozen/ waxy tissue
- blistering/mottling
- skin: Red/white/blue/grey/purple/brown/ashen
heat stroke s/s
tx?
- Altered or decreased LOC (unresponsive)
- sz
- hot and dry/wet
Cool pt aggresivly (Do not let them shiver)
type I decompression sickness S/S
itching
skin rash
pitting edema
pain in joints/abdomen
gradually intensifies
decreased function of extremities
