- restless/anxious/irritable - tachycardia - palce/cool/clammy - weak peripheral pulses - tachypnea - thirst - possible delayed cap refill in peds

NREMT part V Flashcards by mary gilliland

SRS

Whats that?

Safety restraint system

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indications for air medical

extended extraction time
distance from hospital over 20 miles
no ALS providers available
MCI
delay of ground transport

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poikilothermia

define

Inability to regulate core body temp

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Perfusion triangle

Problem with the pump, pipes, or fluid

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Cullens sign

Whats that

Bluish discoloration around the umbilicus indicitive of internal bleeding

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Kerhs sign

Whats that

pain reffered to the left sholder on palpation indicitive of ruptured spleen

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Cardiogenic shock S/S

Hypotension, Chest pain, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, Altered LOC

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Obstructive shock causes

Cardiac tamponade
Tension pneumo
pulmonary embolism

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Distributive shock s/s

Severe hypotension
wheezing
respiratory failure
hives
edema
angio edema
fever

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neurogenic shock cause

Spinal cord injury typical at C-1 - C-5

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neurogenic shock special consideration

they will typically NOT present with Tachycardia, Pale/cool/clammy(below level of injury)

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Psychogenic shock caused by

syncope caused by acute, temporary, widespread vasodilation

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Transport position for certain MOI/NOI

Shock: Supine
Chest pain/respiratory distress: comfort(fowler/semi-fowler)
Pregnant: on left side

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Contusion vs hematoma

Contusion: Bruise
Hematoma: collection of blood beneath the skin

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RICES

define and whats it for

Closed soft tissue injuries
Rest
Ice
Compression dressing
Elevation
Splinting

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5 P’s of compartment syndrome

and bonus P :)

Pain
Pallor
Paresthesia
Pulse
Paralysis

Poikilothermia

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Define Paresthesia

Numbness

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5 factors of burn severity

Depth
% of body burned
Critical areas
Associated trauma
Age: <5 or >55

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When to open airway and assist in ventilations during CPR

AHA guidelines

After initial 30 chest compressions during CPR

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Kinetic energy formula

1/2 mass X velocity2

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Low/medium/high velocity blunt trauma examples

low = knife,pancil,rebar
medium = most handguns
high = assault rifle

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blast phase injuries

primary = pressure wave
secondary = flying deberis
tertiary = pt being thrown
Quaternary = burns, toxic fumes

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Special population shock considerations

peds and gers

peds = vasoconstrict well, masks signs of shock. increased risk of hypovolemic shock due to dehydration
Ger = do not vasoconstrict well, limiting ability to compensate

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Early shock s/s

restless/anxious/irritable
tachycardia
palce/cool/clammy
weak peripheral pulses
tachypnea
thirst
possible delayed cap refill in peds

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late shock s/s

- falling BP - irregular breathing - mottling/cyanosis - absent peripheral pulses - decreased LOC

Splinting | regular, joint and long bone

regular = above and below injury Joint = joint and bone above and below longbone = bone and joints above and below

Anterograde amnesia

inability to remeber events that occurred after injury

Retrograde amnesia

inability to remeber events that occured before (prior) to an injury

3 types of skull fractures

- linear - Depressed - basal

Cerebral contusion s/s | Caused by?

s/s of concussion and one of the following: - possible ICP - Decreasing mental status - unresponsive - pupillary changes - abnormal vital signs - behavior abnormalities - vomiting | coup/contrecoup injury

Epidural hematoma | what is

bleeding between skull and dura mater

Epidural hematoma S/S

Fast onset and decline - wake up then detiriorate - HA - sz - vomiting - hypertension - bradycardia - abnormal respirations - pupillary changes

Subderal hematoma | what is

blood between dura mater and arachnoid layer

Subdural hematoma S/S

Slow onset (acute or chronic) - no memory of event - weakness/paralysis to one side of body - dialation of one pupil - decreasing pulse rate - personality changes

Nuchal rigidity

stiff neck

subarachnoid hemorrhage | stuff about it and s/s

- blood can enter CSF - Stiff ne4ck

3 major things to avoid when Tx TBI

1. NO hypoxia 2. No hypotension 3. No hyperventilation (decreases cerebral perfusion)

hazards of full spinal immobilization

- increased pain - respiratory compromise - tissue damage - ineffective immobilization

SMR

spine motion restriction

SMR indications

- blunt trauma with AMS - spinal pain or tenderness - numbeness or weakness - anatomi deformity ofspine - high-energy mechanism associated with intoxication/inability to communicate/distracting injury

SMR how to

- apply rigid cervical collor - place pt on stretcher - firmly strap patient in using stretcher seat belts - does NOT include use of a spine board

Simple pneumothorax define

closed pulmonary injury where air leaks into the pleural space

Tension pneumothorax define

pneumo causing progressive buildup of air in pleural space

Abd organs most susceptable to injury in ger. falls

Aorta liver spleen

conjuctiva

membrane that covers the front of the eye and inside the eyelids

Cornea

transparent, dome shaped surface that covers the front of the eye

Iris

Colored portion of the eye that surrounds the pupil

Pupil

round opening at the center of the iris

sclera

visible white portion of the eye

what part of the eye can have objects you can try to remove via sterile saline

Sclera

Orbital fx s/s

- visual disturbances - double vision - deformity around the eye - inability to move the eye in an upward gaze

Conjunctivitis | what is and s/s

eye infection (pink eye) hihgly contagious - reddness - itching - tearing

hypothermia temps

mild: 90-95 (32-35 C) moderate: 82-90 (28-32 C) Severe: below 82 (28 C)

what stages of hypothermia does shivering start? when does it stop?

Start : mild Stop: moderate

What happens to vital signs as hypothermia progresses

Bradypnea bradycardia hypotension

how long do you check for a pulse in a cold pt

30-35 seconds

trenchfoot s/s

- itching - pain - swelling - cold/blotchy skin - possible blistering

frostbite s/s

- hard/frozen/ waxy tissue - blistering/mottling - skin: Red/white/blue/grey/purple/brown/ashen

heat stroke s/s | tx?

- Altered or decreased LOC (unresponsive) - sz - hot and dry/wet | Cool pt aggresivly (Do not let them shiver)

type I decompression sickness S/S

itching skin rash pitting edema pain in joints/abdomen gradually intensifies decreased function of extremities