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EMT > Abdominal emergencies/ signs/quadrants/organs > Flashcards

Abdominal emergencies/ signs/quadrants/organs Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

Cullens sign

Define

A

Bluish discoloration around umbilical region

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2
Q

Greys turners sign

Define

A

Discoloration of the skin of the flank

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3
Q

Kehr’s sign

Define

A

Left sholder pain when palpating the abdomen

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4
Q

McBurneys point

Define

A

Tenderness 2/3rds of the distance between umbilicus and ileum

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5
Q

Murphy’s sign

Define

A

Tenderness and rigidity under the ribs of the right side as they breath in

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6
Q

Psoas Sign

Define

A

this is elicited by having the patient lay on their side while the right thigh is flexed backward

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7
Q

Peritonitis

Define

A

Irritation and inflammation of the peritoneum from blood, pus, bacteria, or chemical substances leaking into the peritoneal cavity

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8
Q

Markle Heel drop

What are the steps

What does this test assess for?

A

Have patient sit on a chair or edge of the bed. Hold the heels out and drop them. Positive markle Heel drop test the patient will hold their legs up instead of letting them drop becuase it causes them pain
* Peritonitis
* Appendicitis

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9
Q

Markle Heel jar

What is it

A
  • Smack the patients foot and if it causes pain positive markle
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10
Q

Appendicitis

Define

What happens if left untreated

A

Usually caused by a blockage in the intestines that results in inflammation and irritation of the appendix
untreated: Rupture

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11
Q

Pancreatitis

Define

Where does the pain radiate to?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas
- Radiates from middle of the upper quadrants to mid-lower back

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12
Q

Cholecystitis

Define

What is it associated with

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder. Commonly associated with gallstones

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13
Q

Gastrointestinal bleeding

Define

A

Bleeding in either the upper or lower gastrointestinal tract

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14
Q

Causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

A
  • Peptic ulcers
  • Gastric erosion
  • Varices
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15
Q

Causes of lower gastrointestinal bleeding

A
  • Diverticulitis
  • Aterivenous malformations
    *Tumors
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16
Q

Hematemesis

Define

A

Vomiting blood, which can be bright red or look like coffee grounds

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17
Q

Hematochezia

Define

A

Bright red blood in the stool normally signifying a rapid onset

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18
Q

Melena

Define

A

Dark tarry stools containing decomposing blood normally from the upper gastrointestinal system

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19
Q

Esophageal Varices

Define

A

bulging, engorgement, or weakening of the blood vessel in the lining of the lower part of the esophagus

20
Q

Portal hypertension

Define

What abdominal emergency is it a s/s for

A

Increased pressure in the venous blood supply system of the liver, stomach, and esophagus
* Associated with esophageal varices

21
Q

Gastroenteritis

Define

A

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines. Normally caused by viruses and bacteria

22
Q

Ulcers

Define

A

Open wounds or sores within the digestive tract, usually in the stomach or the beginning of the small intestine

23
Q

Intestinal obstruction

Define

A

Blockage that interrupts the normal flow of contents within the intestines

24
Q

Hernia

Define

A

Is a protrusion or thrustin forward of a portion of the intestine through an opening or weakness in the abdominal wall

25
Q

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Define

A

Weakened, ballooned, and enlarged area of the wall of the abdominal aorta. The aneurysm can eventually rupture and is lethal

26
Q

McBurneys point

Indication for what?

A

Appendicitis

27
Q

Murphy’s point

Indicaiton for what?

A

Gall bladder

28
Q

Kehr’s

Indication for what?

A
  • Classic ruptured spleen
  • Blood irritating the diaphragm
29
Q

Grey-Turners

Indicaiton for what?

A

Pancreatitis

30
Q

Psoas sign

Indication for what?

A

Appendicitis

31
Q

Cullen’s

Indicaiton for what?

A
  • Intraperitoneal hemorrhage
    ie; ectopic pregnancy, hemorrhagic pancreatitis
32
Q

Battle signs

Indication for what?

A

Basilar skull fracture

33
Q

LUQ

Whats in it (5)

A
  • Stomach
  • spleen
  • pancreas
  • large intestine
  • left kidney
34
Q

RUQ

Whats in it (4)

A
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • large intestine
  • Right kidney
35
Q

RLQ

Whats in it? (3)

A
  • Appendix
  • Large intestine
  • reproductive organs
36
Q

LLQ

Whats in it (2)

A
  • Large intestine
  • reproductive organs
37
Q

Abdominal pain usually results from what 3 things?

A
  • Mechanical force (stretching)
  • Inflammation
  • Ischemia
38
Q

Stomach

Function

A

Enables digestion by breaking down food

39
Q

Small intestine

Function

A

Its digestive function is to absorb nutrients from intestinal contents

40
Q

Large intestine

Function

A

Reabsorbs fluid form intestinal contents and excretes solid waste from the body

41
Q

Liver

Function

Solid or hollow?

A
  • Filters nutrients from blood
  • Stores glucose in the form of glucagon
  • Plays a role in blood clotting
  • filters dead red blood cells
  • Metabolizes medications and toxins
  • Aids in production of bile

Solid organ

42
Q

Gallbladder

Function

A

Holds bile which aids in digestion of fats

43
Q

Spleen

Function (2)

A
  • Aids in production of blood cells
  • filters and stores blood
44
Q

Pancreas

Function (2)

A
  • Aids in digestion
  • Regulates carbohydrate metabolism
45
Q

Kidneys

Function

A
  • Excrete urine and regulate water, electrolytes, and acid base balance
46
Q

Solid, hollow, ischemic pain

A

Solid - steady
Hollow - colicky
Ischemic- steady, severe, gets worse

EMT (42 decks)

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