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EMT > Spinal injuries and spine motion restriction > Flashcards

Spinal injuries and spine motion restriction Flashcards

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1
Q

Cervial spine

How many vertebrae are in that?

A
  • 7
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2
Q

Thoracic spine

How many vertebrae?

A

12

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3
Q

Lumbar spine

How many vertebrae?

A
  • 5
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4
Q

Sacral

How many vertebrae?

A
  • 5
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5
Q

Coccyx

How many vertebrae?

A
  • 4
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6
Q

Meninges

Whats that?

A
  • The protective membranes that surround the spinal cord
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7
Q

Motor tract

define

A
  • Carries impulses down the spinal cord and out to the muscles
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8
Q

Pain tracts

Define

A
  • Carry impulses from pain receptors up the spinal cord to the brain
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9
Q

If you wanted to test the right sided pain tract what side of the body would you apply pain?

Why?

A
  • Left side of the body since the pain tract crossess over and carries impulses up the opposite side of the cord
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10
Q

Light touch tract

Define

A
  • tested by applying light touch to the patient
  • The light touch sensation is carried up the same side where the touch was applied
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11
Q

SCIWORA

Whats that abbreviation mean?

Whats it mean?

A
  • Spinal cord injury without radiological abnormalities
  • The pt has a spinal column injury and hasnt progressed into a spinal cord injury? Pt could be up and walking around with this
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11
Q

Using the spinal cord tracts how would you know if the spine is partially but not completly injured?

A
  • Pt might not feel light touch but can feel pain
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12
Q

7 mechanisms of spinal injury

A
  • Compression
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Rotation
  • Lateral bending
  • Distraction
  • Penetration
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13
Q

Compression

Define with examples

A
  • When the weight of the body is driven against the head
  • Ex. any accident in which a person imacts and object head first
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14
Q

Flexion

Define

A
  • When there is severe forward movement of the head in which the chin meets the chest, or when the torso is excessively curled forward
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15
Q

Extension

Define

A
  • When there is severe backward movement o the head in which the neck is stretched, or when the torso is severely arched backward
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16
Q

Rotation

Define

A
  • When there is lateral movement of the head or spine beyond its normal rotation
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17
Q

Lateral bending

Define

A
  • When the body or neck is bent severely from the side
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18
Q

Distraction

Define

Whats this common in

A
  • When the vertebrae and spinal cord are stretched and pulled apart
  • Hangings
19
Q

SMR

Define

A

Spine motion restriction

20
Q

Spinal column injury

Super Basic definition

A
  • Injury to one of more vertebrae
21
Q

Complete spinal cord injury

Define

A
  • Results when an area of the spinal cord has been completely cut crossways either physically of physiologically
22
Q

When the spinal cord is completly severed what do you loss?

A
  • total loss of motor and sensory function below the level of injury
  • Loss of bowel and bladder control
23
Q

Anesthetic effect

Define

Indicitive of?

A
  • Cannot feel sensations of light touch or a pinch
24
Q

How long does it take for spinal shock to resolve

A

Typically resolves within 24 hours after incident but can last for several days

25
Q

Neurogenic hypotension

Define

A
  • Results from injury to the spinal cord that interrupts nerve impulses to the arteries
26
Q

Incomplete spinal cord injury

How do you know

A

Some of the spinal cord is not injured so the pt retaines some function

27
Q

Central cord syndrome

Define

A
  • The middle portion of the spine is injured, causing disfunction in the inner tracts that control upper extremity motor and sensory function
28
Q

Anterior cord syndrome

A

*The pt loses the ability to feel pain and crude touch below the site of the injury

29
Q

Brown sequard

A

the patient loses motor function and light touch sensation on one side of the body while retaining pain sensation on that same side. On the opposite side of the body, the patient retains motor function and light touch sensation while losing pain sensation.

30
Q

With penetrating head wounds and suspected spine injuries what equipment would you use?

what wouldnt you use because it increases mortality?

A
  • c collar only
  • no backboard
31
Q

if you have an unresponsive patient lying next to a tree assume what?

A

They fell out of the tree

32
Q

What nerve impulses can be damaged by c spine injuries?

A
  • from the brain to the diaphram and intercostal muscles
  • can cause absent breathing
33
Q

whats the criteria for a high priority pt when spine injuries are suspected?

A
  • Unresponsive
  • Responsive but cant follow commands
  • abnormal respiratory pattern
  • Numbness
  • Paralysis
34
Q

Quadriplegia

Define

A
  • paralysis of all 4 extremities
35
Q

Paraplegia

Define

A
  • Paralysis of only the lower half of the body
36
Q

Hemiplegia

Define

A

Loss of function confined to the right or left side of the body

37
Q

Diaphragmatic breathing indicates what?

A

spine injury
* good job

38
Q

Brain break

whos a badass?

A

YOU IS!

39
Q

Indications for spine motion restriction

(8)

A
  • glasgow coma scale of <15
  • Any suspected traumatic brain injury
  • AMS for any reason
  • Pain or tenderness along the vertrbral column
  • Any paralysis (patial or complete)
  • Deformity along the vertebral column
  • Any patient with a significant MOI and is under the influence, cant communicate effectively or understand
  • Any pt with a distracting injury
40
Q

3 major complications for spinal injuries

A
  • inadequate breathing effort
  • Paralysis
  • inadequate circulation
41
Q

when in doubt whacha gonna do?

Hint: we are talking about spine injuries here

A

Spine motion restriction

42
Q

how many rescuers should be involved in applying a c collar?

A

Atleast 2
- 1 for manual motion restriction
- other to apply the collar

43
Q

3 times you would rapidly extricate a pt

A
  • The scene is not safe
  • The pts condition is so unstable that you need to move and transport immediatly
  • the pt blocks your access to a second more seriously injured pt
44
Q

First things to assess when pt has a hemet on

(4)

A
  • Mental status and ability to follow commands
  • Assess ABCs
  • Fit of the helmet and the likelihood of movement of the pts head within the helmet
  • Determine ability to gain access to the pts airway in needed
45
Q

When would you remove the helmet?

(5)

A
  1. interferes with ability to assess and reassess airway and breathing
  2. Helmoet interferes with ability to manage airway and breathing
  3. the helmet doesn’t fit well and allows movement
  4. helmet messes with proper spine immobilization
  5. pt is in cardiac arrest

EMT (42 decks)

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