Final Flashcards
What does PPV do?
Any method that forces air and oxygen into the patient’s lungs when the patient is unable to breathe adequately, or at all, on their own.
Dealing with
Difficult pts
embarrassing ?’s
Respect their privacy, away from others (including parents)
Be direct
Don’t get more detailed than necessary
Don’t ask things that are not pertinent to current medical condition
Define
Battle Sign
Bruising behind ear
indicating head injury
define
BGL
Normal levels
Blood glucose level
60-80. - 120-140
Define
Cyanosis
Blueish color in lips, lower eyelids, fingernails
indicate conditions such as suffocation, inadequate respirations, hypoxia, hypoxemia, heart attack, or poisoning.
Define
Intervention
When immediate life saving treatment needs to be performed
Define
JVD
Jugular Venous Distention
Define
Reassesment
To determine any changes to pt’s condition, and assess effectiveness of emergency care
Brain break
Biiiiiitch
List
Components & goals of scene size-up
Identify possible hazards
Ensure safety of yourself, crew, patient/s, bystanders
What lead to be called
MOI
NOI
Needs to call for additional assistance
Number of patients
Hazard materials
Special rescue teams
List
When to call for additional resources
- Additional EMS
- Law enforcement
- Hazard materials
- Special rescue teams (swift water, high altitude, surgical emergency rescue team)
- Power/utility company
Order of
Primary Assessment
Form general impression
Assess:
* Level of consciousness
* airway
* breathing
* cirulation
* patient priorities
Positions for pt Transport
SOB (short of breath)
CP (Chest Pain)
unresponsive
Vomitting
SOB = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
CP = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
Unresponsive = Supine
Vomitting = lateral recumbent
7 times crew talks to dispatch
Acknowledge call
En route
On scene
Leaving scene
Arrival at hospital
Clear of hospital
Back at station
Abdominal distension
abdomen swollen and hard
* Internal bleeding
* obstruction in digestive tract
* irritation of lining of abdomen
Abdominal Gaurding
reflex contraction or spasm of the abdominal muscles on palpation due to localized peritoneal inflammation
Anisocoria
difference in pupil size
AVPU
- Alert
- responds to Verbal stimulus
- responds to Painful stimulus
- Unresponsive
blunt force trauma
force that impacts or is applied to the body but is not sharp enough to penetrate it
Boyles law
Increase in pressure will decrease volume of gas
Bradycardia
less than 60 bpm
low heart rate
Bradypnea
less than 12 breaths/min
breathing too slow
BVM
When to use
- pt has inadequate VENTILATION
- Low O2
- RR over 30 or under 12
Capillary refill
2 seconds
women - 3 seconds
Elderly - 4 seconds
Cardiac Arrest intervention sequence
Compressions
Airway
Breathing
CHART
SCHART?
Chief Complaint
History
Assessment
RX (Treatment)
Transport
S - Scene
CHEATED
Cheif Complaint
History
Exam
Assessment
Treatment
Evaluation
Disposition
Chief complaint
Reason EMS was called
“Why did you call EMS today?”
colon function
Water absorbtion of waste
components of emergency communication system
- Base station
- Land Mobile Radio Systems
- Mobile/portable Radios
- Repeaters
- Digital Equipment
- Cellphones
- Telemetry
- Land mobile sattellite communication
- broadcast regulations
- System Maintenance
Compostition of ambient air
21% O2
CPAP
When to use
- Pt has inadequate VENTILATION
- low o2
- breathing on own
- patent airway
- awake and alert
Define
crepitus,
Popping sound/clicking in joints, or when two fragments of bone rub together
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
Data elements of PCR
- minimum data set
- Administrative Info
- Pt demographics and data
- vital signs
- patient narrative
- Treatment
DCAPBTLS
Deformities
Contusions
Abrasions
Punctures/Penetrations
Burns
Tenderness
Lacerations
Swelling
Dead air space
150 ML of air not used for respiration no matter the tidal volume
describe actions of diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation
diaphragm contracts
intercostal muscles relax
Epididymis
stores sperm
Five stages of grieving
denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance
Forming a general impression
Age
Sex
Trauma or Medical?
Cheif complaint
Life threats
frontal lobes function
Personality
FROPVD
Indications
disadvantages
- pt breathing on own
DO NOT use on children
rupture to lungs possible = cant monitor lung compliance
Gallbladder function
bile duct from the liver
holds bile
GCS
Glasgow Coma Scale
Rank patients level of consciousness
Identify trends in mental status
Determined by eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
hippocampus function
Memory and memory consolidation
How to correct a handwritten report
what if the mistake is found after the report is submitted?
- Draw single horizontal line through the error
- initial it
- write correct information beside it
* Same procedure
* diff colored pen
* date and time of change
How to determine serious fall
adult and child
Adult: 20 feet
Child: 10 feet
Surface
What landed first
Immediate life threats
often found during general impression
Compromised airway
open wounds to chest
Paradoxical movement of chest
major bleeding
Unresponsive
Index of suspicion
degree of your anticipation that the patient has been injured, or has been injured in a specific way
Infiltration
When fluid enters tissues without irritation (think of a working IV)
Kidney function
Filters blood
(maintaines flow of blood with excess fluid/not enough fluid)
Larygeal spasm
and what can cause it
vocal chords spasm and close
* trauma
* Intubation
* some meds
liver functions
- producing bile
- detoxing blood
- stores sugars
Minute ventilation equation
tidal volume x ventilation frequency per minute
narrowest portion of upper airway
adult and child
adult : vocal chords
child: cricoid ring
NC
when to use
- pt has low O2
- breathing on their own
NRB
when to use
- To raise pt O2
- pt breathing on their own
OPQRST
Onset
Provoction
Quality
Radiating
Scale
Time
Pancrease functions
- makes digestive enzymes
- insulin production
PCR run data
Define and describe
Administrative info on the PCR
* EMS unit #
* call #
* Crew names and certs
* Address unit is called to
Pertinent Negatives
Questions asked to rule out differential diagnosis
Primary Assessment
general impression
AVPU (Mental status)
Assess the airway.
Assess breathing.
Assess oxygenation.
Assess circulation.
Establish patient priorities.
Raccoon eyes
- Purplish Discoloration of soft tissue = one or both eyes
- Suggests intracranial injury/basilar skull injury
- Delayed (4-6 hours)
- sign of skull fracture
Res Ipsa Loquitur
The thing speaks for itself
SAMPLE
Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past Med History
Last Oral Intake
Events leading to CC
PCR
Pre-hospital Care Report
Signs of trauma in a MVA
-Deformity to the vehicle greater than 20 inches
-Intrusion into the passenger compartment
-Displacement of a vehicle axle
-Rollover
Small intestine function
further break down of food
nutrient absorbtion
SOAP
Subjective
Objective
Assessment
Plan
Spleen functions
*blood filtration
*Blood storage
Steps for administering medications with medical control
- Be sure information provided to medical direction is accurate and reported clearly
- Use “echo” method
Immediately repeat order word for word to ensure you understand instructions - Ask for repetition if confused
- Don’t be afraid to question the order
stomach functions
*converts food to absorbable form with gastric juices
Define
subcutaneous emphysema
Air gets stuck in the tissues under skin
Tachycardia
greater than 100 BPM
High heart rate
Tachypnea
over 20 breaths/min
Breathing to fast
what brain structure coordinates information from senses
Parietal lobes
what brain structure regulates body temperature?
brainstem/hypothalamus
maintining homeostasis in the body
what do vital sign trending tell healthcare workers
Reveals the condition of the patient over time allowing for continuity of medical care
What is not included in a PCR
Radio codes
Abbreviations
Slang
what nerve controls the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
When is scene size-up complete?
It is an ongoing process that does not end after you make contact with the patient
What symptoms can tell you to start PPV
Below 12 RR
Over 30 RR
HR below 60
pt unresponsive
cyanosis
Who monitors radio frequencies
The federal communications commission
what causes
Wheezing
what does it sound like
swelling constriction of lower airways
High pitched exhalation but can also be heard during inhalation
What causes
Snoring
How to correct
Tongue or Epiglottis bloacking airway
Head tilt chin lift
what causes
Rhonchi
what does it sound like
obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions of mucus
chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia
coarse crackles, are snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation
sound changes if person coughs/changes position
what causes
Rales
What does it sound like
Where do you Auscultate to hear this?
fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles
pulmonary edema or pneumonia
bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation
posterior base of lungs
What causes
Crowing/stridor
What does it sound like?
How to correct
swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions
airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway
high-pitched sounds produced on inspiration
typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct. BVM
What causes
Gurgling
How to correct
liquid substance in airway
Suction Airway
Crowing/stridor
In pediatrics
what do?
airway adjunct, suction tip, tongue blade, or fingers into the mouth or throat of a pediatric patient with a suspected upper airway infection = extremely dangerous spasm and complete airway obstruction.
BVM with O2
When to PPV with supplimental O2?
Inadequate rate or inadequate tidal
volume
=
inadequate
breathing
procedure to check for circulation
Pulse
Possible major bleeding
Skin color, temperature, and condition
Capillary refill
What did the fish say when he ran into a wall?
Dam
where is the memory center of the brain
Cerebrum
Oncotic pressure
Pull of fluid back into a capillary
What condition is most likely to cause acidosis
Depressed resperations
Pivot joint example
Where radius and ulna meet humerus
Joint types
Fd02
Frequency of delivered O2
what ppe do you need for pt with HIV
Gloves and eyewear
involuntary/smooth muscle are found in the walls of whichc type of structure
heart and brain
Bodies immediate response for acute bleed
increase pulse pressure to promote better circulation of O2
what is your first action if you cannot locate a radial pulse?
Locate carotid pulse
orthopnea
inability to breath or shortness of breath while lying down
ascites
Fluid accumulation in the abdomen
Steps of reassessment
- repeat primary assess.
- reassess/record vitals
- repeat secondary assess.
- check interventions
- note trends in pt condition
Emergency move
immediate danger to pt or rescuer
Emergent Move
pt has immediate threat to life and nneds to be moved quickly in order to give care
non urgent move
no immediate threat to life. pt can be moved in a normal manner when ready for transport
