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1
Q

What does PPV do?

A

Any method that forces air and oxygen into the patient’s lungs when the patient is unable to breathe adequately, or at all, on their own.

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2
Q

Dealing with

Difficult pts
embarrassing ?’s

A

Respect their privacy, away from others (including parents)
Be direct
Don’t get more detailed than necessary
Don’t ask things that are not pertinent to current medical condition

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3
Q

Define

Battle Sign

A

Bruising behind ear
indicating head injury

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4
Q

define

BGL

Normal levels

A

Blood glucose level

60-80. - 120-140

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5
Q

Define

Cyanosis

A

Blueish color in lips, lower eyelids, fingernails

indicate conditions such as suffocation, inadequate respirations, hypoxia, hypoxemia, heart attack, or poisoning.

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6
Q

Define

Intervention

A

When immediate life saving treatment needs to be performed

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7
Q

Define

JVD

A

Jugular Venous Distention

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8
Q

Define

Reassesment

A

To determine any changes to pt’s condition, and assess effectiveness of emergency care

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9
Q

Brain break

A

Biiiiiitch

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10
Q

List

Components & goals of scene size-up

A

Identify possible hazards
Ensure safety of yourself, crew, patient/s, bystanders
What lead to be called
MOI
NOI
Needs to call for additional assistance
Number of patients
Hazard materials
Special rescue teams

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11
Q

List

When to call for additional resources

A
  • Additional EMS
  • Law enforcement
  • Hazard materials
  • Special rescue teams (swift water, high altitude, surgical emergency rescue team)
  • Power/utility company
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12
Q

Order of

Primary Assessment

A

Form general impression
Assess:
* Level of consciousness
* airway
* breathing
* cirulation
* patient priorities

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13
Q

Positions for pt Transport

SOB (short of breath)
CP (Chest Pain)
unresponsive
Vomitting

A

SOB = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
CP = Fowlers or semi-fowlers
Unresponsive = Supine
Vomitting = lateral recumbent

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14
Q

7 times crew talks to dispatch

A

Acknowledge call
En route
On scene
Leaving scene
Arrival at hospital
Clear of hospital
Back at station

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15
Q

Abdominal distension

A

abdomen swollen and hard
* Internal bleeding
* obstruction in digestive tract
* irritation of lining of abdomen

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16
Q

Abdominal Gaurding

A

reflex contraction or spasm of the abdominal muscles on palpation due to localized peritoneal inflammation

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17
Q

Anisocoria

A

difference in pupil size

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18
Q

AVPU

A
  • Alert
  • responds to Verbal stimulus
  • responds to Painful stimulus
  • Unresponsive
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19
Q

blunt force trauma

A

force that impacts or is applied to the body but is not sharp enough to penetrate it

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20
Q

Boyles law

A

Increase in pressure will decrease volume of gas

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21
Q

Bradycardia

A

less than 60 bpm

low heart rate

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22
Q

Bradypnea

A

less than 12 breaths/min

breathing too slow

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23
Q

BVM

When to use

A
  • pt has inadequate VENTILATION
  • Low O2
  • RR over 30 or under 12
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24
Q

Capillary refill

A

2 seconds
women - 3 seconds
Elderly - 4 seconds

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25
Cardiac Arrest intervention sequence
Compressions Airway Breathing
26
CHART | SCHART?
Chief Complaint History Assessment RX (Treatment) Transport | S - Scene
27
CHEATED
Cheif Complaint History Exam Assessment Treatment Evaluation Disposition
28
Chief complaint
Reason EMS was called | "Why did you call EMS today?"
29
colon function
Water absorbtion of waste
30
components of emergency communication system
* Base station * Land Mobile Radio Systems * Mobile/portable Radios * Repeaters * Digital Equipment * Cellphones * Telemetry * Land mobile sattellite communication * broadcast regulations * System Maintenance
31
Compostition of ambient air
21% O2
32
CPAP | When to use
* Pt has inadequate VENTILATION * low o2 * breathing on own * patent airway * awake and alert
33
# Define crepitus,
Popping sound/clicking in joints, or when two fragments of bone rub together
34
CSF
Cerebrospinal fluid
35
Data elements of PCR
* minimum data set * Administrative Info * Pt demographics and data * vital signs * patient narrative * Treatment
36
DCAPBTLS
Deformities Contusions Abrasions Punctures/Penetrations Burns Tenderness Lacerations Swelling
37
Dead air space
150 ML of air not used for respiration no matter the tidal volume
38
describe actions of diaphragm and intercostal muscles during inhalation
diaphragm contracts intercostal muscles relax
39
Epididymis
stores sperm
40
Five stages of grieving
denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
41
Forming a general impression
Age Sex Trauma or Medical? Cheif complaint Life threats
42
frontal lobes function
Personality
43
FROPVD | Indications ## Footnote disadvantages
* pt breathing on own ## Footnote DO NOT use on children rupture to lungs possible = cant monitor lung compliance
44
Gallbladder function
bile duct from the liver holds bile
45
GCS
Glasgow Coma Scale Rank patients level of consciousness Identify trends in mental status Determined by eye opening, verbal response, and motor response
46
hippocampus function
Memory and memory consolidation
47
How to correct a handwritten report | what if the mistake is found after the report is submitted?
* Draw single horizontal line through the error * initial it * write correct information beside it | * Same procedure * diff colored pen * date and time of change
48
How to determine serious fall | adult and child
Adult: 20 feet Child: 10 feet Surface What landed first
49
Immediate life threats | often found during general impression
Compromised airway open wounds to chest Paradoxical movement of chest major bleeding Unresponsive
50
Index of suspicion
degree of your anticipation that the patient has been injured, or has been injured in a specific way
51
Infiltration
When fluid enters tissues without irritation (think of a working IV)
52
Kidney function
Filters blood (maintaines flow of blood with excess fluid/not enough fluid)
53
Larygeal spasm | and what can cause it
vocal chords spasm and close * trauma * Intubation * some meds
54
liver functions
* producing bile * detoxing blood * stores sugars
55
Minute ventilation equation
tidal volume x ventilation frequency per minute
56
narrowest portion of upper airway | adult and child
adult : vocal chords child: cricoid ring
57
NC | when to use
* pt has low O2 * breathing on their own
58
NRB | when to use
* To raise pt O2 * pt breathing on their own
59
OPQRST
Onset Provoction Quality Radiating Scale Time
60
Pancrease functions
* makes digestive enzymes * insulin production
61
PCR run data | Define and describe
Administrative info on the PCR * EMS unit # * call # * Crew names and certs * Address unit is called to
62
Pertinent Negatives
Questions asked to rule out differential diagnosis
63
Primary Assessment
general impression AVPU (Mental status) Assess the airway. Assess breathing. Assess oxygenation. Assess circulation. Establish patient priorities.
64
Raccoon eyes
* Purplish Discoloration of soft tissue = one or both eyes * Suggests intracranial injury/basilar skull injury * Delayed (4-6 hours) * sign of skull fracture
65
Res Ipsa Loquitur
The thing speaks for itself
66
SAMPLE
Signs/Symptoms Allergies Medications Past Med History Last Oral Intake Events leading to CC
67
PCR
Pre-hospital Care Report
68
Signs of trauma in a MVA
-Deformity to the vehicle greater than 20 inches -Intrusion into the passenger compartment -Displacement of a vehicle axle -Rollover
69
Small intestine function
further break down of food nutrient absorbtion
70
SOAP
Subjective Objective Assessment Plan
71
Spleen functions
*blood filtration *Blood storage
72
Steps for administering medications with medical control
* Be sure information provided to medical direction is accurate and reported clearly * Use “echo” method Immediately repeat order word for word to ensure you understand instructions * Ask for repetition if confused * Don’t be afraid to question the order
73
stomach functions
*converts food to absorbable form with gastric juices
74
# Define subcutaneous emphysema
Air gets stuck in the tissues under skin
75
Tachycardia
greater than 100 BPM | High heart rate
76
Tachypnea
over 20 breaths/min | Breathing to fast
77
what brain structure coordinates information from senses
Parietal lobes
78
what brain structure regulates body temperature?
brainstem/hypothalamus | maintining homeostasis in the body
79
what do vital sign trending tell healthcare workers
Reveals the condition of the patient over time allowing for continuity of medical care
80
What is not included in a PCR
Radio codes Abbreviations Slang
81
what nerve controls the diaphragm
Phrenic nerve
82
When is scene size-up complete?
It is an ongoing process that does not end after you make contact with the patient
83
What symptoms can tell you to start PPV
Below 12 RR Over 30 RR HR below 60 pt unresponsive cyanosis
84
Who monitors radio frequencies
The federal communications commission
85
# what causes Wheezing | what does it sound like
swelling constriction of lower airways | High pitched exhalation but can also be heard during inhalation
86
# What causes Snoring | How to correct
Tongue or Epiglottis bloacking airway | Head tilt chin lift
87
# what causes Rhonchi | what does it sound like
obstruction of the larger conducting airways of the respiratory tract by thick secretions of mucus chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia | coarse crackles, are snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation ## Footnote sound changes if person coughs/changes position
88
# what causes Rales | What does it sound like ## Footnote Where do you Auscultate to hear this?
fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles pulmonary edema or pneumonia | bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation ## Footnote posterior base of lungs
89
# What causes Crowing/stridor | What does it sound like? ## Footnote How to correct
swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway | high-pitched sounds produced on inspiration ## Footnote typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct. BVM
90
# What causes Gurgling | How to correct
liquid substance in airway | Suction Airway
91
# Crowing/stridor In pediatrics | what do?
airway adjunct, suction tip, tongue blade, or fingers into the mouth or throat of a pediatric patient with a suspected upper airway infection = extremely dangerous spasm and complete airway obstruction. | BVM with O2
92
When to PPV with supplimental O2?
Inadequate rate or inadequate tidal volume = inadequate breathing
93
procedure to check for circulation
Pulse Possible major bleeding Skin color, temperature, and condition Capillary refill
94
What did the fish say when he ran into a wall?
Dam
95
where is the memory center of the brain
Cerebrum
96
Oncotic pressure
Pull of fluid back into a capillary
97
What condition is most likely to cause acidosis
Depressed resperations
98
Pivot joint example
Where radius and ulna meet humerus
99
Joint types
100
Fd02
Frequency of delivered O2
101
what ppe do you need for pt with HIV
Gloves and eyewear
102
involuntary/smooth muscle are found in the walls of whichc type of structure
heart and brain
103
Bodies immediate response for acute bleed
increase pulse pressure to promote better circulation of O2
104
what is your first action if you cannot locate a radial pulse?
Locate carotid pulse
105
orthopnea
inability to breath or shortness of breath while lying down
106
ascites
Fluid accumulation in the abdomen
107
Steps of reassessment
* repeat primary assess. * reassess/record vitals * repeat secondary assess. * check interventions * note trends in pt condition
108
Emergency move
immediate danger to pt or rescuer
109
Emergent Move
pt has immediate threat to life and nneds to be moved quickly in order to give care
110
non urgent move
no immediate threat to life. pt can be moved in a normal manner when ready for transport

EMT (42 decks)

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