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EMT > Medical - Respiratory > Flashcards

Medical - Respiratory Flashcards

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1
Q

Significance of auscultating

Second intercostal space, midclavicular line

A
  • airflow through the larger conducting airways
  • Abnormal sounds heard best here include stridor and rhonchi.
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2
Q

Significance of auscultating

Third intercostal space, anterior axillary line, or fourth intercostal space, midaxillary line

A
  • airflow through smaller conducting airways (bronchioles)
  • maybe airflow into the air sacs (alveoli)
  • abnormal breath sound heard best in this location is wheezing.
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3
Q

Significance of auscultating

Fifth or sixth intercostal space, posterior midscapular line

A
  • sitting upright, the sounds heard here represent airflow into the alveoli.
  • abnormal sound heard here most commonly is crackles (rales).
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4
Q

Wheezing

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

A

Sounds like: high pitched whisteling on exhale. Sometimes Inhale.

Indication of: Bronchoconstriction swelling constriction of lower airways

Heard in: Asthma, emphysema, and chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, congestive heart failure

Auscultate: Third intercostal space, anterior axillary line, or fourth intercostal space, midaxillary line

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5
Q

Rhonchi

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

A

Sounds like: snoring or rattling noises heard on auscultation

Indications: Obstruction of the larger conducting airways by thick mucus

Heard in: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, aspiration, and pneumonia

Auscultate: Second intercostal space, midclavicular line

Sound changes if the person coughs/changes position

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6
Q

Rales / Crackles

Sounds / Indicates / Heard in / Auscultate

A

Sounds like : Bubbly or crackling sounds heard during inhalation

Indicates: Fluid that has surrounded or filled the alveoli or small bronchioles

Heard in: pulmonary edema or pneumonia

Auscultate: Posterior base of lungs, Fifth or sixth intercostal space, posterior midscapular line

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7
Q

What causes

Crowing/Stridor

What does it sound like?

How to correct it

A

Swelling or muscle spasms that result from conditions
airway infections, allergic reactions, or burns to the upper airway

High-pitched sounds produced on inspiration

Typically cannot be relieved by manual maneuvers, suctioning, or insertion of an airway adjunct

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8
Q

What causes

Gurgling

How to correct

A

Liquid substance in airway

Suction airway

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9
Q

What causes

Snoring

How to correct it

A

Tongue or epiglottis blocking airway

Head tilt chin lift

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10
Q

Breathing assessment componants

A
  • look
  • listen
  • feel
  • rate
  • positioning
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11
Q

Breathing OPQRST

A

O - when did it begin
gradual or sudden
what were you doing
P - does anything make it better or worse
Q - do you have a cough. is it productive
R - Pain anywhere else
S - 1-10 how bad is the breathing trouble
T - How long have you had this feeling

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12
Q

Define

Mediastinum

A

Central part of the thoracic cavity

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13
Q

Define

Hypercarbia

A

Increased carbon dioxide in the bloodstream

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14
Q

Define

Hypoxemia

A

Decreased oxygen in the bloodstream

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15
Q

Define

Dyspnea

A

Shortness of breath

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16
Q

Define

Apnea

A

No longer breathing

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17
Q

Define

Hypoxia

and what does it lead to celullarly

A

When the cells of the body aren’t getting enough oxygen and causes cellular dysfunction. This leads to cell death

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18
Q

Define

Tachypnea

A

Abnormally fast breathing

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19
Q

What does tripod position look like?

A

Leaning forward, braced with arms and elbows locked with hands on a hard surface

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20
Q

Define

MDI

And what kind of drug is administers

A

Metered-dose inhaler
Beta 2 specific bronchodilator

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21
Q

Define

SVN

What form is it

A

Small volume nebulizer
Form: Aerodol or mist

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22
Q

Define

Hypercarbic drive

A

Normal respiratory control that responds to CO2 levels in the arterial blood

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23
Q

Define

Hypoxic drive

A

Respiratory drive where the body uses chemoreceptors measuring oxygen in the blood instead of carbon dioxide receptors to regulate respirations

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24
Q

Define

Bradypnea

A

Abnormally slow respiratory rate

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25
Q

Define

Orthopnea

A

Difficulty breathing while lying down

26
Q

Define

Flail chest

A

when broken ribs are isolated from the chest and interfer with normal chest movements
Paradoxical movement

27
Q

Define

Pneumothorax

A

When the air that should only be in the lungs start leaking into the chest cavity

28
Q

Define

Pulsus paradoxus

A

A drop in systolic blood pressure of 10 mmHg or more on inhalation

29
Q

Define

Diaphoresis

A

Abnormal sweating that does not occure due to heat

30
Q

Define

DVT

A

Deep vein thrombosis is a common source of a pulmonary embolism that travels and becomes lodged in the pulmonary vessels

31
Q

Define

Syncope

A

Fainting

32
Q

Define

URI

A

Upper respiratory infection which is a common way to refer to viral respiratory infections

33
Q

Emphysema

Define

A
  • COPD
  • Lung tissue looses elasticity
  • Alveoli walls destroyed
34
Q

Emphysema

S/S

A

*Barrel-chest
* wheezing/rhonchi
* Pink puffers
* prolonged exhalation
* Tripod

35
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

Define

A
  • Bronchi + Bronchioles
  • Inflimmation/swelling
36
Q

Chronic Bronchitis

S/S

A
  • Vigorous/sputum Cough
  • JVD
  • Peripheral Edema
  • Blue Bloaters
  • Rales/Rhonchi
  • Wheezes at base of lungs
  • Asterixis (inability to maintain posture, flapping like spasms, seen in hands) (Resp Failure)
37
Q

COPD

Treatment

A

*Ensure open airway
*Position of Comfort
*Titrate O2
*Maintain SpO2

38
Q

Asthma

Define

A

*Bronchospasm
*Lower airway lining inflammation/edema
*mucus plugs

39
Q

Asthma

S/S

A

*Cough
*Wheezing exhale
*Anxiety
*Chest tightness
*Insomnia

40
Q

Asthma

Treatment

A

*SABA
*CPAP - Caution
*Calming pt

41
Q

Asthma

Mild/Moderate/Severe

A
42
Q

Pneumonia

Describe

A
  • Bacterial
  • Viral
  • Lung inflimmation
  • Fluid/pus in Alveoli
43
Q

Pneumonia

S/S

A

*low appetite
*Fever
*cough
*Sharp localized pain usually made worse when breathing deeply or coughing
*Crackles, Wheezing, Rhonchi

44
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

Define

A

Blood clot in lungs

45
Q

Pulmonary Embolism

S/S

A
  • Long periods of immobility
  • Sudden Dyspnea
  • Sudden chest pain during Inhale
  • Cough (Bloody)
    *JVD
    *Fever
    *Swelling/pain/reddness/cold to one limb
46
Q

Acute Pulmonary Edema

Define

A

*Cardiogenic = Left ventrical failure = fluid/blood back up
*Non cardiogenic = Infection/destruction of capillary beds

47
Q

Acute Pulmonary Edema

S/S

A

*Orthopnea
*Pink/Frothy Sputum
*Crackles/wheezing
*JVD (Cardio)
*Swollen lower limbs (Cardio)
*Cough

48
Q

CPAP uses

Disease/condition specific

A

Indication:
*Acute Pulmonary Edema
*Asthma - CAUTION
*COPD
*Toxic gas inhalation
*Drowning
*Pneumonia
Contraindication:
*Spontaneus pneumothorax
*Nausea/Vomiting
* Reduced consciousness
* pneumothorax

49
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

Define

A

Rupture of visceral lining
Primary = No underlying disease
Secondary = Underlying disease exmpl: COPD or Connective tissure dissorder

50
Q

Spontaneous Pneumothorax

S/S

A

*Sudden SOB
*Sudden sharp chest/shoulder pain
*decreased Breath sounds on one side
*Subcutaneous Emphysema (Palpate for crepitus)
*Pale

51
Q

Hyperventilation Syndrome

Define

A

Panic attack
too much Co2

52
Q

Hyperventilation Syndrome

S/S

A

*Nervousness/Anxiety
*Numbness/tingling in mouth/hands/feet
*Foot/hand spasms/Cramps
*Tachypnea

53
Q

Hyperventilation Syndrome

Treatment

A
  • Talk down
  • NRB @ 1-2 lpm
54
Q

Epiglottitis

Define

A

*Bacterial Infection of upper airway
* swelling of the epiglottis, surrounding tissue, and the tongue

55
Q

Epiglottitis

S/S

A

*4-7 YO
*RAPID onset
*Fever 102-104
*Painful to swallow
*Drooling
*Stridor inhale
* Cherry red epiglottis

56
Q

Epiglottitis/Croup

Treatment

A

*light in open mouth to see swelling/redness
*DO NOT insert anything in airway
*O2 @ 15 lpm
*BVM - Slow squeeze
*Rapid transport
*ALS intervention

57
Q

Croup

Define

A

Viral infection of upper airway

58
Q

Croup

Symptoms

A

*6 months - 4 YO
*Slow onset
*Brassy cough
*no drooling
*Fever 100-101

59
Q

CO Poisoning

S/S

A
  • Oral or pharyngeal burns
  • Dizziness
  • Altered mental status
  • Copious secretions
  • History consistent with inhalation injury
  • Cyanosis
60
Q

Cystic Fibrosis

S/S

A
  • Reacurrent cough
  • Recurrent episodes or history of pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis
  • Abdonimal pain from intestinal gas
  • Malnutrition
  • Clubbing of the digits
  • Trouble speaking and breathing with mucus buildup
61
Q

Pertussis

S/S

A
  • Coughing fits, usually more common at night
  • On inspiration “Whoop” is heard at the end of coughing fit
  • General malaise (weekness/fatigue)
  • Sneezing, runny nose, low grade fever
  • Vomitting
62
Q

Whooping cough

Define

A

Bacterial infection
highly contagious

EMT (42 decks)

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