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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Week 2 > Flashcards

Week 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms that has a charge

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2
Q

What is a cation?

Example

A

Positive ions by removing the electrons

Hydrogen (H+)
Calcium (Ca+2)

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3
Q

What is an anion?

Example

A

Negative charged ion

Chloride ion (Cl-)

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4
Q

What is a molecule?

A

2 or more atoms stuck together by chemical bonds

Group of atoms held together by energy and it is stable

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5
Q

What is a hydroxide ion (OH)?

A

Oxygen and hydrogen with a negative charge

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6
Q

What holds an electron apart from a proton?

A

Energy

The further away you go the more energy you need

Electrons at the same distance takes the same amount of energy

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7
Q

What are energy levels or energy shells?

A

Electrons have certain discrete positions where you will find them

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8
Q

What are the energy levels and how many electrons can they have?

A

K- 2
L- 8
M- 8

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9
Q

If the outer energy level is not filled is it stable?

A

No it is unstable

In order for an atom to be stable you have to fill the outer energy level

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10
Q

What is inert?

A

Super stable atom that will not undergo chemical reactions

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11
Q

What is a valence level?
What happens if you fill it?
Or if you don’t?

A

Outermost energy level

Becomes inert

If you have 1 or 2 electrons it becomes reactive

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12
Q

What is a compound?

A

A molecule of more than one kind of atom

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13
Q

What are atoms held together by?

A

Chemical bonds

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14
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

Opposite charges sticking together

Ex: NaCl (table salt)

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15
Q

What is the step called when one electron jumps from one atom to another?

A

Oxidation

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16
Q

What are examples of structural formulas and what do they show?

A

H-H
O=O

What is connected and how

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17
Q

What are examples of molecular formulas and what do they show?

A

H2
O2
N2
H2O

What atoms are present and how many

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18
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Break and formation of new bonds

Start and end with the same amount of atoms

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19
Q

What are reactants?

A

Whatever atoms or molecules you start with

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20
Q

What are products?

A

Whatever you end up with

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21
Q

What are the 3 types of chemical reactions?

A

1) decomposition reaction
2) synthesis reaction
3) exchange reaction

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22
Q

What is decomposition reaction?

A

Breaking something down

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23
Q

What is catabolic reaction or catabolism?

A

Highly complex decomposition reaction in the human body

Uses hydrolysis

24
Q

What is hydrolysis?

A

Breaking with water

25
Q

What does lyse or lysis mean?

A

Break apart

26
Q

What is synthesis reaction?

A

Build or create something

27
Q

What is anabolic reaction or anabolism?

A

Complex synthesis reaction in the human body

Uses dehydration

28
Q

What is dehydration or condensation?

A

Removing water from something

29
Q

What is metabolism?

A

All the chemical reactions that occur inside you

Catabolic + anabolic

30
Q

What is exchange reaction?

A

Breaks bonds and atoms exchange partners

31
Q

Are many chemical reactions reversible?

A

Yes but not all easily reversed

32
Q

What is equilibrium?

A

2 reactions (synthesis and decomposition) happening at the same rate

33
Q

What are the 3 things that affect the rate of a reaction and how?

A

1) temperature
Reaction goes faster when heated and slower when cooled

2) concentrations- how much material we have
Raise concentrations it fastens the reaction and drop concentrations reaction slows down

3) catalyst- chemicals that help reactions take place
Always speeds up reaction

34
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalyst

Catalyst used in living things make reactions act quickly with body temp (no heat needed)

35
Q

What are enzymes considered?

A

Proteins

36
Q

What are chemical pathways?

A

Endless chemical reactions

Without enzymes they would not happen fast enough to keep us alive

37
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

Sharing electrons in the valence or outermost energy level

38
Q

What is a polar molecule?

A

Has 2 poles like a magnet

+ -

Anything polar acts like magnets and attaches to water

39
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

Water bonds

40
Q

What is a hydrogen bond?

A

Very weak bonds when water molecules attach together and doesn’t last long

41
Q

What is electronegative?

A

When something attracts electrons

Ex: water

42
Q

What is surface tension?

A

The phenomenon caused by hydrogen bonding (they stick together causing tension)

43
Q

What is hydrophilic?

A

Anything what likes water, attaches to water, dissolves in water

44
Q

What is hydrophobic?

A

Non polar substances

Repelled to water

Oil

45
Q

What is a solvent?

A

The thing that does the dissolving

46
Q

What is solute?

A

The thing that dissolves

47
Q

What is ionization?

A

Process that breaks down water

48
Q

What is a mole?

A

A large number to say how much atoms you want

6.023 x 10(23)

Can convert daltons to grams

How they come up with pH

49
Q

What do acids do?

A

Release hydrogen which ends up with more hydrogen

50
Q

What do bases do?

A

Take away hydrogens which leaves less hydrogen

51
Q

What does dissociate mean?

A

Comes apart

52
Q

Which acids dissociate?

A

Strong acids

Weak acids dissociate a little

53
Q

What is salt?

A

Ionic compound consisting of any cation except hydrogen (H) and any anion except hydroxide (OH)

54
Q

What does an acid plus a base equal?

A

Salt in water

55
Q

What is an electrolyte?

A

Soluble (dissolvable) molecules and will break apart into ions and the ions will conduct an electric current

Ex: salt

56
Q

What molecules does electrolytes give?

A

Na+ (sodium)
K+ (potassium)
Cl- (chloride)
Ca+2 (calcium)

Magical ions of physiology

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (28 decks)

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