Week 11 (exam 4) Flashcards
What are the 3 parts of the brain when you’re a fetus?
1) prosencephalon
2) mesencephalon
3) rhombencephalon
What is prosencephalon broken into?
1) telencephalon (cerebrum)
2) diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus
What is rhombencephalon broken down into?
1) metencephalon
2) mylencephalon
What is a foramen magnum?
Separates brain and spinal cord
Above is brain
Below is spinal cord
What is the mylencephalon?
Medulla oblongota
Buried in white matter are nuclei or gray nuclei (little computers)
What does the gray nuclei in the mylencephalon control?
Cardiac control center
Respiratory Rhythmicity center (breathing)
What is metencephalon?
Pons and cerebellum
What is the pons?
Bridge connecting higher brain structures to cerebellum
What is the cerebellum?
Coordination center
What is ataxia?
Damage to cerebellum
Loss of balance and coordination
What does pons have buried in it what does it do?
Gray nuclei that control the alternate rate you breath
What are the 2 centers that control the alternate rate you breath?
1) pneumotaxic center
2) apeneustic center
What is the mesencephalon?
Corpora quadrigemina
2 of each:
- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi
What does the superior colliculi control?
Hand eye coordination
What does the inferior colliculi control?
Coordinating sound and movement
What is the diencephalon?
Structure that surrounds 3rd ventricle
Pineal body
Hypothalamus
Thalamus
What does the pineal body control?
Day and night
What does the hypothalamus control?
Body temp
Control center of homeostasis
Sleeping and waking
Pleasure and pain
Sexual responses
What is the telencephalon?
Cerebrum (cerebral hemispheres)
Has convolutions
What does the cerebrum control?
Conscious thought
What are convolutions?
Folds of surface on the brain
Gyri- hills
Sulci- valleys
Can predict hot intelligent a creature is but does not work on humans
Cats and dogs have many
Possum brains are smooth (not intelligent)
What does the corpus callosum do?
Bridges both cerebral hemispheres
Send signals that sensations on the right side is from left side of brain and vise versa
What is the cerebral cortex?
Outer layer of gray matter
Lots of neurological activity
What is the precentral gyrus?
All somatic motor activity
What is the postcentral gyrus?
Somatic sensory
What is the association area?
Part of brain when stimulated there is no observable effect
Interprets information
Coordinates motor responses
Feed into integrative centers
What are the 3 parts of the integrative centers?
1) prefrontal cortex
2) speech control or Broca’s area
3) general interpretive area or wernickes area or gnostic area
What does the prefrontal cortex control?
Human personality
Judges consequences of your actions
Last to mature 18-19 years old
What is the speech center or Broca’s area control?
Only found on one side of brain where general interpretive area is
Regulates pattern of breathing when you speak
What is the interpretive area or wernicke’s area or gnostic area?
Found on one side of the brain (usually left)
Interpret meaning of word combos
Connect familiar objects with their names
Who is phineas gage? (Late 1800s)
Worked in the railroad
Got iron rod through prefrontal cortex
Was still smart but personality changes
Helped scientist figure out prefrontal cortex doesn’t have to do with intelligence
What are the 12 cranial nerves?
1) Olfactory
2) Optic
3) Oculomotor
4) Trochlear
5) Trigeminal
6) Abducens
7) Facial
8) Acoustic or Auditory
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus
11) Accessory
12) Hypoglossal
What is the rhyme?
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Finn And German Viewed A Hop
What are the 3 groups of cranial nerves?
1) special sensory
2) somatic motor
3) mixed
What are the cranial nerves in the special sensory category?
Eyes, ears, sense of smell
Located in head
1) olfactory (smell)
2) optic (sight)
8) acoustic (sense of movement, orientation and hearing)
What are the cranial nerves in the somatic motor category?
Controlling muscles (conscious movement)
3) Oculomotor
4) trochlear
6) abducens
12) hypoglossal
(11) accessory)
The extrinsic muscle of eye are what cranial nerves?
3) Oculomotor
4) trochlear
6) abducens
What is an oblique?
Attaching from side on angle
What does the cranial nerve abducens do to eyeball?
Abducts eye
Located on outer edge of eye
Lateral rectus muscle
What does the cranial nerve trochlear control on the eyeball?
Trochlea (pull-like structure)
What does glosso mean?
Tongue
What does hypo mean?
Under
What is under control of the hypoglossal cranial nerve?
Intrinsic and extrinsic muscle of tongue
What does intrinsic mean?
Inside tongue
What does extrinsic mean?
Outside of tongue that helps with tongue movement
What does the accessory cranial nerve do?
Have somatic motor fibers
Part of vagus nerve
Considered mixed and special sensory
What are the mixed nerves?
Both somatic motor and special sensory
5) Trigeminal
7) Facial
9) Glossopharyngeal
10) Vagus
(11) Accessory)
What are the facial nerves?
Sensory has to do with taste (front 2/3 of tongue)
Motor control of face are facial expressions
What is Bell’s palsy?
Inflammation to facial nerve (viral)
Symptoms can imitate a stroke
Drooping eyelid and mouth
Only one side droops
Loss of ability to taste from front of tongue
What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Sensory and motor
Sensory- conducts taste sensations from back of tongue
Motor- pharyngeal muscles involved in swallowing
Pharynx- back of throat
What does the vagus nerve do?
Travels long distances (brain to chest)
Sensory and motor going to heart, blood vessels and various internal organs
Sensory- Parasympathetic (slows down heart)
