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Anatomy And Physiology 1 > Lab Digestive System (exam 4) > Flashcards

Lab Digestive System (exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the oral cavity?

A

Mouth

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2
Q

What do the cheeks do?

A

Hold food in

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3
Q

What are the root teeth?

A

Teeth that root in

In maxilla and mandible

Teeth under gums

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4
Q

What are the crown teeth?

A

Teeth above the gums

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5
Q

What are gums also called?

A

Gingiva

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6
Q

What do the salivary glands do? What are the 3 salivary glands?

A

Make saliva

1) submandibular
2) sublingual
3) parotid

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7
Q

What gland is under/ in the mandible?

A

Submandibular

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8
Q

What gland is under the tongue?

A

Sublingual

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9
Q

What gland is below your ears and the biggest one?

A

Parotid

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10
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

Back of throat where air and food passages cross

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11
Q

Which pharynx is in the back of your nasal cavity?

A

Nasopharynx

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12
Q

Which pharynx is in the back of your mouth?

A

Oropharynx

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13
Q

Which cavity is on top of your larynx?

A

Laryngopharynx

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14
Q

What is the esophagus?

A

Back of trachea

Tube where food goes down

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15
Q

What is the lower esophageal/ cardiac sphincter?

A

Between esophagus and stomach

Not real sphincter

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16
Q

What are the hills of the inner layer of the stomach called?

A

Rugae

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17
Q

What is the pyloric sphincter?

A

Between stomach and small intestine

Real sphincter

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18
Q

What is the first part of the small intestine called?

A

Duodenum (right side)

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19
Q

What is the second part of the small intestine called?

A

Jejunum (middle part)

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20
Q

What is the third and last part of the small intestine?

A

Ileum (left side)

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21
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

End of stomach by duodenum

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22
Q

What connects the pancreas to the duodenum?

A

Pancreatic ducts

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23
Q

What is the opening called when bile ducts and pancreatic ducts connect to an opening that meets the duodenum?

A

Hepatopancreatic sphincter (sphincter of oddi)

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24
Q

What is a liver lobule structure?

A

Microscopic part of the liver

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25
Q

What is the hepatic artery?

A

Blood comes from here with O2

Red artery in diagram

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26
Q

What is the hepatic portal vein?

A

From intestinal tract with nutrients

Allows liver cells to process blood

Blue structure next to hepatic artery or purple vein in the liver in the diagrams

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27
Q

What is the bile duct?

A

Where bile is collected from bile canaliculi and drained

Green tube thing on side of hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein

28
Q

What is a sinusoid?

A

Blood from hepatic artery and hepatic portal vermin drain

Blue part in between brown things in diagram

29
Q

What are hepatocytes?

A

Liver cells

Brown things in diagram

30
Q

What are bile canliculis?

A

Where bike is dumped and drained in

Green things around brown cells in diagram

31
Q

What is the hepatic/ central vein?

A

Attaches to hepatic portal vein

Blue thing on the opposite side of the hepatic artery and hepatic portal vein on the diagram

32
Q

What is the gall bladder?

A

Green ganglion looking thing in liver

33
Q

What is the sphincter called between the ilium and cecum?

A

Iliocecal sphincter

34
Q

What is the large intestine or colon?

A

Organ surrounding small intestine

35
Q

What is the cecum?

A

Circular structure of the large intestine

36
Q

What is the structure that is attached to the cecum?

A

Appendix (vermiform appendix)

37
Q

What is the left side part of the colon on top of the cecum called?

A

Ascending colon

38
Q

What is the top part of the colon called?

A

Transverse colon

39
Q

What is the right side part of the colon called?

A

Descending colon

40
Q

What is the white muscle that looks like a line called?

A

Taenia coli

41
Q

What are the folds/ hills of the colon called?

42
Q

What is the part of the colon that makes an “S” shape and is all the way in the back?

A

Sigmoid colon

43
Q

What is the canal leading to the butthole called?

44
Q

What is the butthole called?

A

Anal canal or anus

45
Q

What are the external anal sphincters?

A

Under rectum makes butthole

Closes and opens butthole

46
Q

What is an enzyme?

A

Biological catalyst

47
Q

What does pepsin break down?

A

Breaks down protein into amino acids

48
Q

What does amylase break down?

A

Starch into glucose

49
Q

What does lipase break down?

A

Fats but only the surface

50
Q

What does the liver make?

51
Q

What is a substrate?

A

Reactant

What chemical you start with

52
Q

What is the substrate for starch, fats and proteins?

A

Starch- amylose

Fats- triglyceride

Protein- protein

53
Q

What is the product?

A

What you end up with

Substrate + enzyme

54
Q

What is the product of starch + amylase, triglyceride + pepsin and protein+ pepsin?

A

Simple sugar/ glucose

2 fatty acids and glycerol

Amino acids

55
Q

What does optimal conditions mean?

A

pH or temperature enzymes work best at

56
Q

What is the optimal pH or pepsin, lipase and amylase?

What is the optimal temp for all 3 enzymes?

A

Pepsin- 2

Lipase and amylase- 7

All 3- 98.6 or 37 degrees

57
Q

What is the indicator of amylase?

A

Lugols solution (starch)

Benedict’s (glucose)

58
Q

What is the indicator for fat?

59
Q

What happens with starch and lugols experiment?

A

Starch with lugols is black and blue because that is the color lugols solution turns when starch is present

60
Q

What happens in the starch experiment when amylase is placed with starch and the lugols solution?

A

Amylase treated with starch and lugols is yellow because amylase digests starch

Lugols solution by itself is yellow

61
Q

What happens in the starch experiment when amylase is treated with starch and Benedict’s in the tube?

A

Amylase treated with starch and Benedict’s is red because there is glucose present from the amylase digesting the starch and the product is glucose

62
Q

What happens with the protein experiment when the egg is in the pepsin and water tube at neutral pH?

A

Water and pepsin with egg in neutral pH is clear with no reaction because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic (2)

63
Q

What happens with the protein experiment when the egg is in water and pepsin at acidic pH?

A

Water and pepsin with egg in acidic is foggy pH digests egg because it was is the optimal pH of pepsin

64
Q

What happens in the protein experiment when egg is in water and pepsin tube at basic pH?

A

Water and pepsin with egg in basic pH is clear because pepsin’s optimal pH is acidic not basic

65
Q

What happens in the fat experiment cream is with litmus and lipase?

A

Cream plus litmus plus lipase is purple because there is fat present but lipase doesn’t digest it all because it can only hit the fats surface

66
Q

What happens in the fat experiment where cream is with litmus, lipase and bile salts?

A

Cream plus litmus plus lipase plus bile salts is red because bile salts help break down fat so lipase can digest it effectively

67
Q

What happens in the protein experiment when cream is put with litmus and bile salts?

A

Cream plus litmus plus bile salt is blue because bile salts by itself can’t digest fat

Anatomy And Physiology 1 (28 decks)

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