Lab Week 7 (exam 2) Flashcards
What are the two joint classifications and explain
1) structural- how the joint is build
2) functional- how freely the joint can move
What are the types of joints in the structural classification?
Fibrous
Cartilagenous
Bony
Synouial
What is the fibrous joint?
Proteins hold joint together
Ex: sutures
What is the cartilagenous joint?
Cartilage
Ex: pubic symphysis
What is a symphysis?
Place in skeleton where 2 broad bony elements connect to each other
What are the bony joints?
Occur when bones fuse to each other
Deer has 2 frontal bones
What is the synouial joints?
Has articular cartilage, synouial membrane and joint capsule
What is the articular cartilage?
Between the two bones
Glide past each other easily
What is the synouial membrane?
Secrets fluid known as synouial fluid that acts like a lubricant
Cuts down on friction
What is the joint capsule?
Fibrous CT
Reinforces with ligaments
What are the different kinds of synouial joints?
1) ball and socket
2) hinge joint
3) pivot joint
4) condylar joint
What is the ball and socket joint?
Move in any direction
Ex: femur connecting to pelvis
What is a hinge joint?
Moves in a single plane
Like a door
Ex: elbow joint and knee
What is a pivot joint?
Rotation motion
Ex: finger tip moving
Connection between atlas (C1) and axis (C2)
What is the condylar joint?
Oval shape articular surface fitting into a depression of some sort
Ex: occipital condyle—- yes action
What is synarthrosis?
No movement at all
Ex: sutures in the skull
What is amphiarthrosis?
Slight movement
Ex: pubic synthesis— the movement in child birth
What is diarthrosis?
Freely moveable joints
Ex: synouial joints
What is flexion?
Flexing
Reducing angle between 2 bones
Any movement that brings body forward
What is extension?
Extend
Increasing angle between 2 bones
Any movement that brings body towards the back
What is abduction?
Moving body part away from the midline
What is adduction?
Moving body part towards the midline
What is circumduction?
All 4 movements (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction) in one sequence
One part is fixed and not moving
End of body part traces circle
What is prone?
Laying on stomach
What is supine?
Laying on back
What is pronation?
Palm facing down
What is supination?
Palm up
Holding soup
What is plantar flexion?
Pointing toes
What is dorsiflexion?
Facing toes towards you
What is the clavicle?
Collar bone
What is the scapula? And how can you distinguish the right and the left?
Shoulder bone
The pointy thing on the scapula connects to the collar bone
What is the glenoid fossa or cavity cavity on the scapula?
Scapulas depression connecting to the humerus bone
What is the acromion process on the scapula?
Bone the clavicle is connected to
The big pointy bone
What is the coracoid process on the scapula?
Short bone sticking out on scapula
What is the spine of the scapula?
Part where the acromion process is attached to on the scapula
What is the supraspinous fossa and the infraspinous fossa on the scapula?
Supraspinous fossa- top part of scapula spine
Infraspinous fossa- bottom part of scapula spine
What is the humerus? And how do you distinguish right and left?
Round smooth bone on top
The depression is on the back side of the bone
Bottom part looks like a hand so thumb of hand has to be on the inside
Inside thumb- right bone
Outside thumb- left bone
What is the head of the humerus?
Round smooth ball of bone
What is the olecranon fossa of the humerus?
The depression on the back of the bone
What is the ulna? And how do you distinguish right and left?
It is the elbow
The bone on the side of the pinky side and the notch has to be facing the thumb
What is the olecranon process of the ulna?
Part sticking out of the ulna (“C”)
What is the radius?
Bone next to ulna by thumb with a flat top
What are the carpals of a hand?
Wrist
8 irregular looking bones
What are the metacarpals of the hand?
Hand itself
What are the phalanges of the hand?
Fingers
What is the os coxae? And how do you distinguish the right and left?
2 hip bones
The bumpy part of the top part of the bone goes inside
What is the acetabulum of the pelvis?
Depression in hip bone where femur is attached
What is the ilium of the pelvis?
Top part of hip bone on top of depression
What is the ischium part of the pelvis?
Back part of bone underneath empty spaces
Forms your butt
What is the pubis of your pelvis?
Part where the two hip bones meet that is separated by the symphysis pubis
What is the symphysis pubis?
Between the pubis
What is the femur? And what distinguishes it from the right and left?
Smooth ball bone
Depression is facing the back
What is the patella?
Knee cap
Looks like a shell or rock
What is the tibia? And that distinguishes it from right and left?
Medial (inside) bone of shin
Bottom pointy part is on the inside
What is the medial malleolus of the tibia?
Bottom of tibia
The pointy part
Makes ball on inside side of ankle
What is the fibula?
Bone next to tibia
Outside bone
What are the tarsals of the foot?
Below metatarsals
Ankle
What is the talus of the tarsals?
Bone the tibia sits on and the smaller bone
What is the calcaneus of the tarsals?
Bigger bone of the tarsals
Heel of foot
What are the metatarsals of the foot?
The foot
What are the phalanges of the foot?
Toes
What does a process refer to?
Something that sticks out
