Vocabulary- Cremation Flashcards
The pressure difference between the cremator or any component through the gas passages of the cremator to the atmosphere.
Draft
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower, or ejector, which is located between the incinerator and the stack, or at the stack exit.
Induced Draft
Hearth on which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing over both the top and bottom of the hearth.
Hot Hearth
Chamber within a cremator where unburned combustible materials from the primary chamber are conveyed to facilitate additional combustion. Sometimes referred to as a secondary burner.
Afterburner
Special high temperature lining for the combustion chambers.
Refractory
The process of reducing the size of the cremated remains after cremation.
Pulverize
A chemical reaction that results from mixing fuel and oxygen in the presence of an ignition source (heat, flame, spark, etc.) and releases light and heat.
Combustion
The process of reducing the body to ash and bone fragments through flame, heat and vaporization.
Cremation
Any refractory construction intended to change the direction of flow or velocity of the products of combustion.
Baffle
The amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit at or near maximum density.
BTU (British Thermal Unit)
A device for the introduction of a flame by delivering fuel and its combustion air at desired velocities and turbulence to establish and maintain proper ignition and combustion of the fuel. Types include Afterburner, Primary Burner, and Secondary Burner.
Burner
Any air, controlled with respect to quantity and location, forced or induced, supplied to the cremation chamber for the purpose of promoting combustion of the combustible materials in the chamber.
Primary Air
All is supplied to the equipment for combustion, cooling, ventilation, etc.
Air
The pressure difference created by the action of a fan, blower or ejector, which supplies the primary combustion air above atmospheric pressure.
Forced Draft
A device in the stack which responds to the detection of smoke by setting off of an alarm and/or taking some type of corrective action.
Smoke Alarm
Chamber usually placed between the primary combustion chamber and the secondary combustion chamber where thorough mixing of the products of combustion is accomplished by turbulence created by increased velocities of gasses, checker work and/or turns indirection of the gas flow.
Mixing Chamber
Any air, controlled with respect to quantity and location, supplied through ports in the walls, roof of the secondary combustion chamber, for the purpose of completing combustion of the combustible materials in the gasses from the cremation chamber or to reduce operating temperatures within the cremator.
Secondary Air
Combustion products such as smoke, soot, sulfur dioxide, etc.
Emissions
Sensor that provides the presence of flame.
Photo Cell
Chamber where unburned combustible material from the primary chamber are completely burned.
Secondary Combustion Chamber
Dampers, linkages, etc. used to regulate air flow.
Draft Controls
The heat process of reducing the body, wrapping and/or the container to their basic elements in the form of cremated remains through combustion.
Calcination
Air introduced into the afterchamber from emission control, usually during the first half of the cremation.
Throat Air
Small pieces of liquids and solids that include dust, fumes, smoke, mists or sprays, charred paper, soot or other partially incinerated matter.
Particulates (Particulate Matter)
A smaller gas burner used to light the main burner.
Pilot
Pounds per square inch- unit of pressure.
PSI
Excess air injected along the sides of the primary combustion chamber to assist the combustion process and allow the primary chamber to cool following the cremation process. Generally used during the second half of the cremation.
Hearth Air
Chemical compounds (gaseous or particulate matter is combustion/flue gases) that present human health and environmental concerns.
Pollutants
Chambers of gas passage placed between two chambers to carry the products of combustion in a downward direction.
Downpass
A system on some cremators that monitors the visibility (opacity) through flue gases as they enter the stack. This detects the presence of smoke (possible pollutants) and is designed to allow the operator to correct the operating conditions.
Pollution Control System (PCS)
Sensor which detects or monitors proper ignition bases on the presence of ultraviolet rays from the flames.
Flame Scanner
Hearth in which drying or combustion results from the action of hot combustion gases passing only over the top surface of the hearth.
Cold Hearth
A solid surface upon which the human remains and container are placed for the cremation process.
Hearth
Any chamber designed to reduce the velocity of the products of combustion to promote the settling of fly ask from the gas stream.
Expansion Chamber (Setting Chamber)
Any chamber designed to reduce the velocity of the products of combustion to promote the settling of fly ash from the gas stream.
Settling Chamber (Expansion Chamber)
To break into tiny bits, or into a fine liquid mist or spray.
Atomize
Test conducted by federal state, or local regulatory agency to measure pollutants released into the atmosphere from a crematory, in amounts that exceed regulatory requirements.
Source Test
United States Environmental Protection Agency.
EPA
A horizontal passage for conducting products of combustion into the atmosphere.
Flue
Chamber within a cremator where primary ignition and burning of the remains occurs.
Primary Combustion Chamber
The pressure difference created by stack or chimney due it its height, and the temperature difference between the flue gasses and the atmosphere.
Natural Draft
The case/container in which the human body is delivered to the crematory and which it is cremated. The container must conform to these guidelines: Be composed of a suitable material. Be rigid enough for handling ease. Assures protection of the health. Provides proper covering for the remains. Meets moral codes for respect and dignity.
Cremation Container
Provides excess air for combustion, maintains a negative draft through the interior chambers, and cools exhaust gases before they exit the stack.
Blower
A vertical (stack) or horizontal (flue) passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere.
Chimney
All gasses which leave the cremator by way of the flue, including gaseous products of combustion, water vapor, excess air and nitrogen (Sometimes referred to as the products of combustion).
Flue Gas
A vertical passage for conducting products of combustion to the atmosphere.
Stack
The degree to which a substance allows light to pass through.
Opacity
Suspended ash particles, charred paper, dust, soot, or other partially incinerated matter, carried in the products of combustion. (Most often referred to as particulate matter or particulates).
Fly Ash
Chamber where unburned combustible material from the primary chamber is completely burned.
Afterchamber
The total mechanical unity for the cremation process. A type IV incinerator designed for cremating human and animal remains.
Cremator
