VITAMINS REVAMPED Flashcards
folic acid antagonists are competitive inhibitors of this enzyme
folic reductase
Test for vit b6 deficiency
tryptophan load test
Vitamin needed in the conversion of
homocysteine 🡆 methionine
B9
B12
major excretory form of vit c
oxalic acid
if thiamine is deficient, what sugars will tend to accumulate in the blood and urine
ribose and xylulose
people who are found of eating raw fish, clams and oysters may develop deficiency in what vitamine
thiamine vit b1
macrocytic anemia WITHOUT neurological symptoms is a deficiency manifestation of
folic acid vit b9
coenzyme of the major anaphlerotic reaction and conversion of glutamic acid to GABA
vitamin b6 pyridoxine
involved in the synthesis of cholesterol and extramitochrondial lipogenesis
vit b5 pantothetic acid
coenzyme of transammination reactions. needed in the fixation of CO2 at carbon 6 of the purine ring and needed in the activation of folic acid
vit b7 biotin
is folic acid an energy releasing vitamin
nope
form of folic acid that is involved in the catabolism of histidine
methyl FH4
with defective bone mineralization, poor wound healing and abnormal collagen formation
scurvy
coenzyme of vit12 is also called
5 DEOXYADENOSYLCOBALAMIN and biologic grignard reagent
swelling of costochondral junction is a deficiency manifestation of
vit c
patient with impaired cognitive abilities and peripheral neuropathy. also a chronic alcoholic and has not been eating well for several weeks. this patient most likely is deficient in
thiamine vit b1
lactic acidosis develops in thiamine deficiency because
pyruvate can not be converted to acetyl COA
THIS VITAMIN ACTS AS A COENZYME IN THE RATE LIMITING STEP IN HEME SYNTHESIS
b6 or pyridoxal phosphate
🤢 3 key manifestations of pantothenic acid or b5 deficiency
easy fatigability, atrophy of the adrenal glands and anemia
enzyme assayed to know the status of b6 pyridoxine in the body
aminotransferase
exact role for vit c in collagen synthesis
coenzyme for hydroxylation of lysine and proline
deficiency of this vitamin may lead to oxalate stone formation
vit b6 or pyridoxine
enzyme assayed to determine status of riboflavin b2 in the body
glutathione reductase
megaloblastic anemia is a deficiency manifested in
folic acid and cobalamin
rosary beads on the chest is a deficiency manifestation of
vit C and D
bone calcium-binding proteins require vitamin K for their synthesis
osteocalcin and bone matric GLA protein
vitamins that becomes deficient if there is complete obstruction of the common bile duct
retinol, calcitriol, vitamin E and farnoquinone
-frec-
vitamins that are excreted mainly by the kidneys
riboflavin and niacin
enzymes that requires TTP as coenzyme
alpha ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
atrophy of germinal epithelium in males and increased susceptibility to infection and also with with bitots spots
vitamin A deficiency
enzymes that need b2 as coenzyme
xanthine oxidase, glycerophosphate dehydrogenase, glutathione reductase and pyruvate dehydrogenase
xo, gpd, gd, pd
proteins that are needed in the transport of vit A thru plasma and to the cells
retinol binding protein and pre-albumin
dermatitis is a deficiency manifestation of
Vit b6, and riboflavin
pathways utilizing NAD as coenzyme
oxidative deamination and gluconeogenisis
forms of vit A that regulate growth, development and tissue differentiation
All-trans-retinoic acid and 9 cis retinoic acid
substances needed in the conversion of beta carotene to vit a
insulin, thyroid hormone, zinc, vitamin e
drugs that may interfere with folate metabolism
anticonvulsants and oral contraceptives
pathways where biotin is needed as coenzyme
fatty acid biosynthesis and beta oxidation of odd numbered fatty acids
pathways that require pantothenic acid
krebs, cholesterole synthesis, porphyrin synthesis, extramitochondrial lipogenesis
vitamins that are needed to prevent homocysteine in the body
⮞ B3 (niacin)
⮞B6 (P,P,P)
⮞ B9 (folic acid)
⮞B12 (cobalamine)
synthesized by bacteria flora in the gut
⮞ Vit K
⮞ B1,2,7,9,12
Natural vitamins?
⮞ Vit D, K
⮞ B1,2,7,9,12
RBC maturation vitamin
Vit B12
vitamin that regenerates vitamin E
VIT C
Vitamin E enhances ______ 🡆 increase risk of bleeding
warfarin (anti-coagulant)
processes of oxidation
- gain O2
- lose H+
- lose e-
vitamin needed for conversion of
homocysteine 🡆 cysteine
VIT B6
cysteine + homocysteine =
⮞ pyruvate
⮞ a-ketobutyric acid
⮞ cysteine
Clinical manifestations of: ⮞ cheesy odor of breath ⮞ accumulation of isovaleryl coA ⮞deficiency: Isovaleryl coA DH ⮞ inborn error assoc. with Leucine
Isovaleric Acidemia
HMG CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A) is derived from Leucine and why is it important?
⮞ It serves as link bet. lipid and protein metabolism
⮞ intermediate ng cholesterol synthesis
⮞ intermediate ng ketogenesis
VIT E deficiency 🡆 fat malabsorption such as?
⮞ chronic pancreatitis
⮞ cystic fibrosis
⮞ abetalipoproteinemia
B1 🡲 DECARBOXYLATION (transfer 2C units) B3 🡲 reduction-oxidation reactions B6 🡲 transamination B7 🡲 carboxylation B9 🡲 \_\_\_\_\_\_\_
transfer of 1 carbon unit
