2nd sem: Gene expression Flashcards
The initial start codon is AUG which translates as?
Methionine
The 3rd phase of eukaryotic cell division?
G2 phase
The parent strand runs in a _____ direction
5’-3’
Since the parent strand runs in a 5’-3’ direction and the newly synthesized strand runs in a 3’-5’ direction, the characteristic of this proves it is
anti-parallel to one another
What must occur first before the M phase according to the cell cycle?
S phase (DNA replication)
the genetic code is made up of what?
3 nucleotide residues (which makes up a codon)
In the unwinding of DNA, DNA polymerase uses only ____ as a template
ssDNA
what enzyme is used for unwinding the short segments of DNA?
helicases
What type of topoisomerase makes transient breaks on both strands of DNA?
DNA topoisomerase II
DNA topoisomerase I does not use ATP but rather uses the energy from?
energy that is released from the cleaving of phosphodiester bond of the duplex
Direction of synthesis of RNA primer
5’-3’ direction
DNA polymerase elongation step of adding new DNA strand runs in a
5’-3’ direction
It is the cytoplasmic RNA acting as a template for protein synthesis
mRNA
Major enzyme for replication?
DNA pol III
Major enzyme for transcription?
RNA polymerase
Type of RNA: termed as cellular machinery for protein synthesis
rRNA (recall: peptidyl transferase)
Type of RNA: carries specific amino acids in peptides
tRNA
Type of RNA: process products of transcriptional units
miRNA
Recognizes specific DNA sequences (palindrome sequences)
restriction endonuclease
DNA polymerase activity: Unidirectional; works on terminal nucleotides
EXOnuclease
DNA Polymerase activity: Internal phosphodiester bond specific
ENDOnuclease
For eukaryotic DNA polymerase, DNA pol ___ is the counterpart of DNA pol III in prokaryotes
DNA polymerase epsilon
For eukaryotic DNA polymerase, DNA pol ___ is the counterpart of DNA pol I in prokaryotes
DNA polymerase delta
DNA polymerase B-subunit major role is for ____
DNA repair
In eukaryotes, DNA polymerase gamma (y) unit replicates ______
mitochondrial DNA
Prokaryotic: DNA pol III alpha: polymerase activity
Eukaryotic: DNA polymerase alpha: ________
primase activity
DNA polymerase delta has 3’-exonuclease activity in the _______ strand of DNA
Lagging strand
DNA polymerase epsilon has 3’-exonuclease activity in the _______ strand of DNA
Leading strand
5’-3’ exonuclease functions to
remove RNA primer
what is the reverse transcriptase used for preventing progressive shortening of the lagging strand?
telomerase
Intervening segments of DNA that do not code for the amino acid sequence of polypeptide
Introns (as in INtervene)
Coding segments of the gene
Exons (EXpress)
small unit of DNA that is INTACT so that it can transmit genetic information
CIStron (SIS may chika ako sayo)
In prokaryotic gene, the TATAAT/Prinbow box confers the fidelity of
initiation for transcription (directs saan pupunta ang RNA polymerase)
In eukaryotic gene, the _______ box provides the “where” signal and confers fidelity of initiation for transcription
TATA/hogness box
In eukaryotes, the CAAT box functions to ____
determine the FREQUENCY of transcription initiation
In prokaryotes, TGTTGACA is the
frequency signal (ilang times need mag transcribe ang sequences)
What protein is ESSENTIAL for chain termination for eukaryotes?
Rho protein (recall: 2 types, dependent and independent)
stop codons:
UAG
UGA
UAA
where is mRNA derived from in eukaryotes?
hRNA
