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BIOCHEMISTRY > protein metabolism 1 > Flashcards

protein metabolism 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 common metabolites/ metabolic fuels?

A

⮞ glucose
⮞ FAs
⮞ ketone bodies

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2
Q

what is the final product of protein metabolism?

A

urea

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3
Q

gimme the proteins with the short half life

A

PEST- proline, glutamate, serine, threonine

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4
Q

gimme the proteins with the long half lives over 100 hours

A

LAC- lactate dehydrogenase, aldolase, cytochromes

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5
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme for Glycolysis, that has a fast degradation

A

Phosphofuctokinanse 1 (PFK1)

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6
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme for Krebs cycle, that has a fast degradation

A

citrate synthase

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7
Q

what is the rate limiting enzyme for HMP shunt, that has a fast degradation

A

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

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8
Q

what are the proteins that are SELECTIVELY lost from tissues that atrophy in response to fasting

A

PENTAPEPTIDE:
K - Lysine (saan mahahanap lysine: pork, fish,eggs, CHEESE -> KESO)
F -Phenylalanine (Frenylalanine) for me natatandaan ko siya ng ganyan. 😅
E - glutamate/glutamic acid (Excitatory NT)
R - Arginine (Rginine)
Q - Glutamine (Qtie Amine)

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9
Q

what are tissues that do not fast, that are unaffected

A

brain and testis (yung dalawang ulo)

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10
Q

this small protein tags/marks proteins for destruction

A

Ubiquitin, ATP-requiring

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11
Q

what are the 4 N-terminal amino acids, that binds to ubiquitin and will be degraded

A

⮞ Serine- for delayed one or non
⮞ Aspartic acid
⮞ Arginine- for the rapid one
⮞ Methionine

[Si SAAM]

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12
Q

what are FAGs used for in the body

A

Fibrinogen. Albumin, Globulin. used to synthesize proteins in the body

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13
Q

essential non-protein nitrogenous substances, are?

A

1)Purines. 2)Porphyrin requires Glycine. 3)Folic Acid requires glutamic Acid. 4)Creatine{GRM}. 5)Glutathione{GCE}

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14
Q

the liver is the central organ for metabolism of amino acids with the exemption of

A

Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine (they do be synthesized in the brain and muscles)

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15
Q

essential amino acids

A

PVT TIM HALL (with arginine as a semi chenabells)

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16
Q

maize has zein that lacks

A

lacks tryptophan

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17
Q

3 enzymes that occupy central positions in the synthesis of Non-essential Amino Acids

A

⮞ Glutamate dehydrogenase (EDH)
⮞ Glutamine synthetase (QDH)
⮞ Aminotransferase

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18
Q

type of amino acid catabolism that removes an R-group

A

one carbon transfer

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19
Q

type of amino acid catabolism that removes a carboxyl group, and release as CO2

A

Decarboxylation

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20
Q

type of amino acid catabolism that adds O2

A

Oxygenation

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21
Q

serotonin or 5-Hydroxytryptamine is derived from

A

tryptophan

22
Q

Histamine is derived from

A

histidine

23
Q

Catecholamine are derived from

A

Fenylalanine and tyrosine

24
Q

In oxidative deamination, this enzyme converts glutamic acids 🡆 apha-ketoglutarate

A

glutamate dehydrogenase

25
Q

what is the most active amino group acceptor

A

Alpha-ketoglutarate

26
Q

what is the most active amino acid?

A

glutamic acid

27
Q

what is the most active enzyme?

A

glutamate dehydrogenase

28
Q

what are the 3 most important keto acids in the body?

A

⮞ Alpha-ketoglutarate(from glutamate)
⮞ Oxaloacetate(from aspartic acid)
⮞ Pyruvate(from alanine)

29
Q

abnormal neural development with generalized aminoaciduria due to deficient L-amino acid oxidase in the body

A

Zellwegger or cerebrohepatorenal syndrome(CHRS)

30
Q

What are the only D-amino acids found in humans?

A

⮞ D-aspartate

⮞ D-serine

31
Q

2 enzymes involved in non-oxidative deamination

A

⮞ amino acid deHydrase

⮞ amino acid diSulfydrase

32
Q

deaminates sulfur containing amino acids, with Vit B6 as co-factor

A

⮞ amino acid disulfhydrase

Cysteine, Homocysteine

33
Q

deaminates amino acids with hydroxyl groups, with Vit B6 as co-factor

A

⮞ amino acid dehydrase

serine, threonine, tyrosine

34
Q

all amino acids undergo transamination except

A

(LPTH) lysine, proline, threonine, hydroxyproline

35
Q

what is the difference with transamination and oxidative and non-oxidative deamination?

A

Transamination 🡲 no release of ammonia

Non-oxidative/Oxidative Deamination 🡲 may release of ammonia

36
Q

4 ways of detoxifying ammonia

A 
(UGA and reversal EDH) 
🡆 urea formation
🡆 asparagine formation
🡆 glutamine formation
🡆 reversal of the glutamate DH reaction
37
Q

this is a major nitrogenous excretory product, that is almost exclusively synthesized in the liver

A

Urea ( normal concentration 30-60um)

38
Q

how many ATPs are produced in the urea cycle?

A

none, gumagamit kalang, 2 moles of ATP in 1st, and 3rd reaction. in total of 4 per cycle

39
Q

Rate limiting steps in the urea cycle

A

step 1- CPS1
step 2- Ornithine Transcarbomylase
step 5- Arginase
[hirap nung mga tanong, COTA na]

40
Q

Process that is the major source of ATP

A

oxidation phosphorylation

41
Q

Lysosomal selective pathway is only activated only

A

AFTER a prolonged fast

42
Q

Incomplete protein found in rice?

A

Oryzenin

43
Q

Decarboxylation leads to the formation of

A

biologic amines

44
Q

Serotonin/5-Hydroxytryptamine causes

A

smooth muscle contraction

45
Q

3 most important Keto-Acids in the body?

A

⮞ Pyruvate 🡰 Alanine (A)
⮞ Alpha-Ketoglutarate 🡰 Glutamic Acid (E)
⮞ Oxaloacetate 🡰 Aspartic Acid (D)

46
Q

aminotransferases requires the participation of aldehyde-containing coenzyme which is?

A

(PL5P) Pyridoxal-5-phosphate from B6

47
Q

Regulation of the Urea Cycle by the following

A
  1. Substrate availability
  2. Allosteric activation of CPS I by N-AGA
  3. Induction/Repression ng synthesis of enzymes ng urea cycle
48
Q

CPS II is utilized for?

A

Pyrimidine synthesis

49
Q

Ammonia 🡆 removed from blood 🡆 urea 🡆 from ____

A

Liver

50
Q

HHH syndrome caused by a mutation in the Ornithine Transporter Gene. What is the 3 H’s?

A

⮞ HYPERammonemia
⮞ HYPERornithenemia
⮞ HOMOcitrullinuria

51
Q

how many NH3 are detoxified per turn of the Urea cycle?

A

2 ammonia

from the 1st and 3rd reaction

52
Q

What will happen to the krebs cycle if it runs out of alpha-ketoglutarate?

A

it STOPS 🡆 no ATP formation in brain 🡆 coma

usually from severe liver diseases (hepa B)

BIOCHEMISTRY (31 decks)

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