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BIOCHEMISTRY > PART 2: mixed topics > Flashcards

PART 2: mixed topics Flashcards

1
Q

Cyanide poisoning is fatal. This is because cyanide has this effect of the electron transport chan:

A

inhibits cytochrome oxidase

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2
Q

The precursor of the sugar-phosphate moieties in the de novo synthesis of both purine and primidine nucleotide is

A

ribose 5 phosphate

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3
Q

The highest reservoir of calories in muscle tissue is

A

proteins

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4
Q

Deficiency in the intake of carbohydrates and fats can lead to:

A

increase protein requirements

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5
Q

Gluconeogenesis is the major source blood sugar during _________

A

prolonged fasting

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6
Q

The receptor involved in the G-protein coupled signal transduction pathway:

A

Beta-adrenergic receptor

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7
Q

This is the mechanism of action by which PENICILLIN kills bacterial cells:

A

it covalently binds to the active site of the enzyme for cell wall synthesis

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8
Q

TRUE of Vitamin K

A

it functions as a cofactor to carboxylase that acts on glutamate residues of clotting factor precursors proteins

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9
Q

Kwashiorkor occurs when there is

A

lack of calories and protein in diet

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10
Q

Cancer can be attributed to mutation in the DNA. A mutation that converts an amino acid codon to a stop codon is

A

nonsense

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11
Q

The process by which a polypeptides destination in the cell is determined by

A

signal peptides

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12
Q

The type of histones: uniquely associated with the linker DNA

A

H1

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13
Q

Cytidine is a _______

A

nucleoSIDE

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14
Q

TRUE about the salvage pathway of purine nucleotide synthesis is correct?

A

Deficiency of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase is the cause of Lesch-Nyan syndrome (overproduction of uric acid)

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15
Q

______ is the source of MOST blood glucose during starvation:

A

alanine

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16
Q

An individual who has fasted for more than 24 hours will have increased production of

A

glutamine and alanine

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17
Q

excessive ingestion of raw eggwhite is detrimental because it inhibits this step in extramitochondrial lipogenesis:

A

formation of malonyl coA

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18
Q

Semi-conservative replication of DNA means:

A

each new DNA strand forms a pair with the template strands

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19
Q

Ribosomal RNA contain

A

The anticodon

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20
Q

During RNA replication, which enzyme joins the okazaki fragments?

A

DNA ligase

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21
Q

Familial hypercholesterolemia is due to

A

deficiency or defective LDL receptors

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22
Q

most metabolically active plasma lipid

A

non-esterified fatty acid

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23
Q

Deficiency of lipoprotein lipase will result in a increased plasma level

A

VLDL

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24
Q

needed for transport of long-chain FAs from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix

A

carnitine

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25
Q

major enzyme that digest dietary triacylglycerol

A

pancreatic lipase

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26
Q

In the liver cholesterol is mainly disposed by:

A

being converted to bile acids

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27
Q

Immediate source of energy of ATP synthesis

A

electrochemical gradient

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28
Q

the link between the catabolic and anabolic reactions in the energy cycle is

A

ATP

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29
Q

function of pyridoxal phosphate

A

prosthetic group of transaminases

30
Q

vitamin is solely synthesized by bacteria and is thus absent from all plants

A

Biotin (B7)

31
Q

This vitamin is required for the synthesis of NTs like epinephrine:

A

Ascorbic Acid

32
Q

deficiency of this mineral is prevalent among pregnant women living in mountainous areas:

A

Iodine

33
Q

______ accumulates in carnitine deficiency in humans

A

odd-numbered fatty acids

34
Q

The regulatory action involves a reversible covalent modification of an enzyme

A

phosphorylation of Ser hydroxyl on the enzyme

35
Q

BEST explains why oxidation of FADH(2) produces less ATP than NADH

A

FADH(2) enters ETC via complex II

36
Q

BEST applies to isoelectric pH of a protein

A

net charge is zero

37
Q

what kind of reaction is interconversion of aldose and ketose?

A

isomerization

38
Q

The beta pleated sheet of a protein is classified as which level of protein

A

secondary

39
Q

What is the cause for the lactic acidosis that develops in thiamine deficiency?

A

conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-coA is blocked

40
Q

collagen is _____ helix

A

triple helix

41
Q

BEST explains the role of hydrochloric acid in the stomach

A

denature proteins

42
Q

bond that stabilizes the primary structure of a protein

A

hydrogen

43
Q

products of the action of salivary amylase on glycogen

A

maltose

44
Q

A zwiterion is a molecule that contains ________

A

a cation and anion

45
Q

The anemia that develops in patients on anti-malarial therapy may be due to deficiency of enzymes belong to what metabolic pathway?

A

hexose monophosphate

46
Q

TRUE of the TATA box

A

binds RNA polymerase

47
Q

SRS-A, the slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, is composed of ______

A

leukotrienes

48
Q

The regulation of cholesterol synthesis primarily occurs at which enzymatic site

A

3-hydroxy-3methylglutaryl coA reductase

49
Q

What is the major source of reducing equivalents used for fatty acid synthesis

A

pentose phosphate pathway

50
Q

Patients suffering from familial defect in ApoB 100 have significantly elevated levels of plasma LDLs. The reason for this is

A

inability of LDL to interact with the LDL receptor

51
Q

What is the pharmacological benefit of the drug Lovastatin?

A

inhibits HMG-coA reductase

52
Q

What vitamin combines with the opsin to form the visual pigment in the eye?

A

vitamin A

53
Q

the cause of muscle fatigue following vigorous exercise

A

accumulation of lactate

54
Q

an intermediate of pyrimidine biosynthesis is common to the urea cycle

A

carbomyl phosphate

55
Q

Function of non-sense codons

A

they may be used in the cell as termination signals

56
Q

Phase of protein synthesis does the release of newly synthesized polypeptide from the ribosome take place

A

termination

57
Q

directs the polypeptides ultimate destination in the cell

A

signal peptides

58
Q

What is the primary action of methotrexate, a chemotherapeutic agent?

A

displaces cells of folate

59
Q

First reaction in the metabolism of all sugars

A

phosphorylation

60
Q

site on the operon is the site of RNA polymerase binding

A

promoter

61
Q

What is the cellular site of synthesis of messenger RNA?

A

ribosome

62
Q

BEST applies to transfer RNA

A

exists in at least 20 different forms

63
Q

Biological function of DNA synthesis

A

assures viability of the specie

64
Q

the enzymes in replication that functions as proof-reading device

A

3 exonuclease

65
Q

it constitutes the second level of organization of DNA

A

nucleosome

66
Q

TRUE of okazaki fragments

A

fragments of DNA that are copied in direction away from replication fork

67
Q

the post-transcriptional processing prevents 5 exonuclease attack

A

poly A tail

68
Q

What reaction does the RNA-directed DNA polymerase catalyze?

A

synthesis of DNA complimentary to the RNA strand

69
Q

During protein synthesis, which reads information in mRNA and transfers AA to a growing polypeptide chain?

A

transfer RNA

70
Q

What is the cause of polyuria in diabetes mellitus?

A

osmotic diuresis

BIOCHEMISTRY (31 decks)

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