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BIOCHEMISTRY > energy metabolism > Flashcards

energy metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

this enzyme protects aerobic organisms from the product formed when one electron is transferred to a molecule of oxygen

A

superoxide dismutase

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2
Q

all of the following are true regarding cytochrome P450, EXCEPT

A

a nonheme protein

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3
Q

in the reaction which is the reductant

Fe2+ - Cu2+ –> Fe3+ - Cu1+

A

Fe2+ (Ferrous)

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4
Q

In the krebs cycle,
malate is oxidized 🡆oxaloacetate, wherein the electron carrier goes to complex 1 of the respiratory chain. the reaction is catalyzed by what oxidoreductase

A

pyridine-linked dehydrogenase (PYR-LD)

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5
Q

synthesis of ATP 🡰 ADP and inorganic phosphate by the free energy provided through hydrolysis of creatinine phosphate is an example of

A

substrate level phosphorylation

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6
Q

which of the following enzymes is inhibited by oligomycin?

A

ATP synthase

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7
Q

this subunit serves as proton channel in ATP synthase

A

F0 ATPase complex

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8
Q

which of these inhibitors uncouples the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation

A

2,4 dinitophenol and pentachlorophenol

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9
Q

component of the respiratory chain which is NOT a proton pump

A

complex II

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10
Q

which of these protein complexes of the ETC is inhibited by malonate?

A

succinate- Q reductase

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11
Q

Standard G when ATP is hydrolyzed to ADP and Pi

A

-7.3 Kcal

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12
Q

which of the ff limit the rate of respiration at state 2

A

availability of substrate only

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13
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics states

A

the total entrophy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously

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14
Q

which of the ff limit rate of respiration ate state 4

A

availability of ADP only

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15
Q

which is not a site of energy conservation

A

complex II

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16
Q

the energy that phosphorylates ADP to ATP in complex V is called

A

Proton motive force

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17
Q

NADH dehydrogynase transfers electron to

A

FMN (flavin mononucleotide)

Vitamin B7

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18
Q

which ROS is acted upon by dismutase

A

superoxide anion

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19
Q

which of the ff enzymes is inhibited by malonic acid

A

NADH dehydrogenase

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20
Q

which protein complex is inhibited by amytal

A 
complex I
(amytal & rotenin =com I)
(malonate=com II)
(antimycin A= com III)
(cyanide, hydrogen sulfide and carbon monoxide = com IV)
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21
Q

in what subunit of ATP synthase is ATP synthesized

A

BETA

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22
Q

in this reaction, which is the oxidant

Fe2+ - Cu2+ –> Fe3+ - Cu1+

A

Cu2+ (cupric ion)

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23
Q

how would you interpret a H that is negative

A

reaction releases heat
-H=exo= release heat
+H=endo=absorbed heat

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24
Q

P:O ratio if FADH2 is the electron carrier in the ETC

A

1.5

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25
Q

which protein complex is not a proton pump

A

succinate - Q reductase (complex IV)

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26
Q

cytochrome that transfer electrons directly to oxygen

A

Cytochrome a3

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27
Q

which of the ff protects the RBC from oxidative stress due to H202

A

glutathione peroxidase

28
Q

what kind of oxidoreductase is cytochrome P450

A

Monooxygenase

29
Q

what will be produced if molecular oxygen is reduced by 2 electrons

A

hydrogen peroxide

30
Q

which inhibitor removes the link between ETC and oxidative phosphorylation?

A

dinitrophenol & pentachlorophenol (DTP, PCP)

31
Q

what do you call the energy that is used to phosphorylate ADP to form ATP

A

proton-motive force

32
Q

cyanide inhibits cytochrome oxidase binding to

A

cuprous Cu+= reducing agent (Cu2O)

33
Q

what is the principal high energy intermediate or carrier compound

A

ATP

34
Q

when H is Zero, the reaction is

A

isothermic

35
Q

all of the following about the first law of thermodynamics are true, except

A

the total entrophy of a system must increase if a process is to occur spontaneously

36
Q

which of the following thermodynamic concepts is correct

A

S is the degree of disorder

37
Q

which of the ff is true if the G is negative

A

exergonic

38
Q

amount of energy that is released from hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi

A

-7.3 kcal/mol

39
Q

the collecting point of electrons obtained from reduced NAD and FAD is

A

ubiquinone

40
Q

what will be the consequence just in case NADP is not reduced to NADPH

A

decrease in the biosynthetic pathway at the level of reducatse

41
Q

which if the ff enzyme incorporates an atom of oxygen 🡲 substrate 🡲 forming a hydroxylated product

A

monooxygenase

42
Q

True about the 3rd law of thermodynamics

A

state known as “absolute zero” w/c is the bottom point on the kelvin temp scale

43
Q

hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi by the action of myosin ATPase releases energy which powered muscle contraction. this is made possible because according to the first law of thermodynamics

A

energy may be transformed into another form of energy

44
Q

which of the following true if AG is positive

A

reaction is not spontaneous

45
Q

how much energy is released when the beta high energy phosphate bond of ATP is cleaved to form AMP+PPi

A

G=-7.7 kcal/mol

46
Q

a patient diagnosed with G-6PD deficiency is in danger of having hemolytic anemia because of increased levels of oxidative stress in his erythrocytes. normally the RBC has this enzyme which decomposes this toxic substance to water and oxygen

A

peroxidase

47
Q

metabolism of lipophilic drugs is catalyzed by CP450 through hydroxylation which renders them water-soluble by

A

incorporating an atom of oxygen

48
Q

one of the following oxidoreductase catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from a reduced substrate using NAD or FAD as intermediate electron acceptor

A

dehydrogenase

49
Q

it uses 2 hydrogen peroxide as electron donor and electron acceptor

A

catalase

50
Q

Cytochrome c links what protein complexes

A

complexes I and II to complex III

51
Q

Synthesis of ATP through direct transfer of phosphate group from a high-energy substrate to ADP is called

A

substrate level phosphorylation

52
Q

In the reaction: NADPH + GSSG → NADP + GSH.

Which is an oxidizing agent?

A

GSSG (glutathione disulfide)

53
Q

Which of the following directly transfers electrons to oxygen?

A

Cytochrome a3

54
Q

Which of the following removes the link between

the respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation?

A

2, 4-dinitrophenol

55
Q

Which of the following protein complexes of the ETC produces one molecule of water?

A

Complex IV

56
Q

The type of oxidoreductase that protects the body against damage by superoxide anion

A

dismutase

57
Q

Transfer of 4 electrons to a molecule of oxygen results in the formation of

A

2 water molecules

58
Q

Which of these conditions limit the rate of

respiration at state 4?

A

availability of ADP only

59
Q

There is no translocation of proton in this protein complex of the ETC.

A

Complex II

60
Q

The energy that phosphorylate ADP to ATP in

Complex V is called

A

proton motive force

61
Q

In the respiratory chain, electrons from complexes I and II are transferred to

A

ubiquinone

62
Q

NADH dehydrogenase uses this prosthetic group as electron acceptor in complex I

A

FMN

63
Q

Transfer of one electron to one O2 molecule will produce

A

superoxide anion

64
Q

Which protein complex of the respiratory chain is inhibited by malonate?

A

complex II

65
Q

Which protein complex is inhibited by amytal?

A

complex I

66
Q

What is the P:O ratio for FADH?

A

1.5

67
Q

In what subunit of ATP synthase is ATP synthesized?

A

beta

BIOCHEMISTRY (31 decks)

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