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CNS Exam > Vitamins and Minerals > Flashcards

Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards

1
Q

What function does folate/folic acid have in the body?

A

DNA and RNA synthesis

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2
Q

What type of ion is sodium?

A

extracellular

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3
Q

What conditions are related to sodium?

A

hypoatremia and hyperatremia

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4
Q

What is sodium balance regulated by?

A

aldosterone

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5
Q

What is the role of potassium (in relation to water regulation)?

A

maintain normal water and acid-base balance

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6
Q

What is the role of calcium in the body?

A

-blood clotting
-skeletal tissue
-absorption of B12

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7
Q

What mineral helps with the absorption of b12?

A

calcium

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8
Q

What increases the bio availability of calcium?

A

-lactose
-lysine
-vitamin D

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9
Q

Good sources of calcium?

A

-dairy
-shellfish
-sardines
-eggs

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10
Q

What are some symptoms or occurrences from low calcium?

A

-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-rickets
-hypertension
-periodontosis

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11
Q

What decreases calcium or is an antagonist?

A

-caffinene
-alcohol
-smoking
-antacids

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12
Q

What b vitamin is thiamine?

A

B1

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13
Q

What coenzyme function is b1 needed for?

A

decarboxylation of pyruvate

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14
Q

What causes a decrease in b1?

A

-fat
-acidic beverages

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15
Q

What foods have thiamin in it?

A

-seeds
-nuts
-wheat germ
-pork
-fish

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16
Q

What is the main condition formed by low b1?

A

beriberi

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17
Q

What is Beriberi?

A

-low b1
-often linked to alcoholism

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18
Q

What is wernicke-korsakaoff syndrome?

A

-low b1 and alcoholism
-memory loss, delusions

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19
Q

What can lower b1 levels?

A

-cooking
-alcohol
-drugs

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20
Q

What is the name for b2?

A

riboflavin

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21
Q

What is B2 or riboflavin needed for?

A

-function of the electron transport chain
-used to help form acetly coa

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22
Q

What are good sources of riboflavin?

A

-cheese
-fish
-whole grains
-currants
-vegetables

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23
Q

What physical symptoms occur with low b2 or riboflavin?

A

-dermatitis
-chelosis
-glossitis
-sensitivity to light

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24
Q

What is the name for B3?

A

niacin

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25
Q

What process or synthesis is niacin needed for?

A

-synthesis of NADH
-coenzyme so in many process (ex: cholesterol, metabolism, variety of synthesis)

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26
Q

What food sources have b3 or niacin

A

-eggs, liver, meat, variety of vegetables

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27
Q

What physical symptom shows deficiency in niacin or b3?

A

pellagra

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28
Q

What is folate needed for and to help prevent?

A

neural tube defects

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29
Q

What are good sources of folate?

A

liver, yeast, green spinach

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30
Q

Biotin is needed in the metabolism of?

A

carbohydrates, protein and fat

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31
Q

Biotin is reduced by what food?

A

chicken eggs

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32
Q

What foods have biotin?

A

various animal products

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33
Q

What does low biotin cause?

A

seborrheic (scaly scalp) and other skin problems

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34
Q

What is seborrheic mean?

A

scaly scalp

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35
Q

What is the name of vitamin b5?

A

pantothenic acid

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36
Q

What is B5 needed for?

A

-function of fats and carbohydrates
-metabolism of red blood cells

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37
Q

Low b5 can cause?

A

-burning feet syndrome

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38
Q

What is the name for b6?

A

pyridoxine

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39
Q

What is pyridoxine or b6 needed for?

A

-metabolism of proteins
-synthesis of hormones

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40
Q

What foods contain b6?

A

-yeast
-liver
-wheat

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41
Q

What vitamins can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations?

A

b12, folate and b6

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42
Q

What is the name for vitamin b12?

A

cobalamin

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43
Q

What is b12 needed for?

A

-blood and nervous system function
-dna synthesis

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44
Q

what foods contain b12?

A

-liver
-meat
-fish

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45
Q

What is vitamin A needed for?

A

vision

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46
Q

What foods have vitamin a?

A

-squash
-liver

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47
Q

What amount to not go over for vitamin a?

A

10,000 IU

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48
Q

What is vitamin d required for?

A

-absorption of calcium and phosphorus
-formation of bone and teeth

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49
Q

What food contains vitamin d?

A

fish, dairy products

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50
Q

What does deficiency in vitamin d cause in children?

A

rickets

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51
Q

What is vitamin e needed for?

A

-antioxidant
-prevent the oxidation of polyunsaturated fats
-healthy heart and immune function

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52
Q

Vitamin e supports and recycles wha minerals?

A

vitamin c and beta carotene

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53
Q

What foods have vitamin e?

A

-leafy greens
-oils
-nuts

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54
Q

What is vitamin K function?

A

-clotting
-formation of prothrombin

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55
Q

What nutrient can decrease vitamin K?

A

vitamin e

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56
Q

Food sources that contain vitamin k?

A

-leafy greens
-vegetables
-whole grains

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57
Q

What is calcium needed for?

A

-clotting
-absorption of b12
-muscle contractions
-nerve support

58
Q

What increases calcium?

A

-vitamin d
-lactose
-lysine

59
Q

What is the best form on calcium to take?

A

calcium citrate

60
Q

What symptoms are associated with low calcium levels?

A

-rickets
-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-hypertension

61
Q

What is chlorine needed for?

A

fluid balance

62
Q

What is magnesium needed for?

A

-ATP
-calcium metabolism
-bone and teeth structure
-300 enzyme actions
-muscles

63
Q

What nutrients decrease magnesium?

A

-calcium
-fiber
-dietary fats

64
Q

What is phosphorus needed for?

A

-energy metabolism
-intracellular
-kidney function

65
Q

What decreases phosphorus?

A

-calcium
-aluminum

66
Q

What increases phosphorus?

A

vitamin d

67
Q

What conditions are connected to low potassium?

A

-hypertensions
-low glucose tolerance
-muscle weakness

68
Q

What is boron needed for?

A

-reduce urinary excretion of calcium
-increase levels of estrogen and testosterone

69
Q

What foods contain boron?

A

-soybeans, prunes

70
Q

What does low levels of boron cause?

A

-increase in calcium excretion
-decrease in sex hormones

71
Q

What is the purpose of chromium?

A

-enhances the effect of insulin

72
Q

What nutrient decreases chromium levels?

A

calcium carbonate

73
Q

What foods contain chromium?

A

-grains and honey

74
Q

What does chromium deficiency cause?

A

-glucose intolerence
-plaque
-decrease growth

75
Q

What is the purpose of copper?

A

-iron metabolism
-formation of bone marrow
-needed for various protein functions

76
Q

What mineral reduces copper?

A

zinc

77
Q

What foods have copper?

A

nuts, legumes and liver

78
Q

What is fluorine needed for?

A

-enamel
-prevents anemia in pregnancy

79
Q

What foods have fluorine?

A

seafood

80
Q

What is iodine needed for?

A

function of thyroid hormones

81
Q

What foods have iodine?

A

seafood

82
Q

Low levels of iodine can cause?

A

hypothyroidism

83
Q

What is iron needed for?

A

-hemoglobin functioning
-o2 transport

84
Q

What nutrient increase iron?

A

vitamin c

85
Q

What nutrients decrease iron?

A

-cobalt, manganese and b6

86
Q

What is the purpose of manganese’s?

A

-cofactor for pyruvate, acetly coa, bone mineralization

87
Q

What nutrients decrease manganese ?

A

calcium, phos.,iron and cobalt

88
Q

What nutrients increase manganese?

A

histidine and citrate

89
Q

What foods contain manganese?

A

-grains, buts, eggs

90
Q

Low levels of manganese cause?

A

glucose intolerence

91
Q

What does nickel enhance?

A

iron

92
Q

What is the purpose of selenium?

A

it is a component of glutathione peroxidase

93
Q

What does selenium reduce?

A

oxidized vitamin e

94
Q

What does selenium help convert?

A

thyroxine to triiodothyronine aka t3 to t4

95
Q

What nutrient enhances selenium?

A

vitamin c

96
Q

What disease is connected to low selenium levels?

A

kesha disease

97
Q

What is the purpose of zinc?

A

-cofactor in 200 enzyme processes
-carbohydrate metabolism
-protein functions

98
Q

What regulates calcium?

A

PTH, calcitonin, VD and phosphorus

99
Q

PTH relates what mineral?

A

calcium

100
Q

What hormone signals the kidney to reabsorb more sodium?

A

aldosterone

101
Q

What mineral is connected to restless leg syndrome?

A

iron

102
Q

What vitamin is needed in the pentose phosphate pathway?

A

b1

103
Q

What nutrient increase estrogen and testosterone levels ?

A

boron

104
Q

What digestive disease can cause acid urine?

A

IBS

105
Q

Hormone that stimulates bile?

A

CCK

106
Q

What stimulates pancreatic lipase in the break down of fats?

A

trypsin

107
Q

Vitamin c inhibits what nutrient?

A

copper

108
Q

What prevents the oxidation of vitamin b1 (thiamin)?

A

vitamin c

109
Q

What micronutrient is needed to synthesize b1?

A

magnesium

110
Q

Main food source of b1 thiamin

A

pork

111
Q

What is b2 riboflavin needed for?

A

metabolic reactions and transfer of electrons

112
Q

B2 is reduced by what nutrient?

A

calcium

113
Q

b3 niacin is connected to what disease?

A

pellagra

114
Q

People with what disease have a higher risk of b3 ricin deficiency?

A

HIV

115
Q

What nutrient is needed to help tryptophan be converted to b3?

A

iron

116
Q

What coenzyme is pantothenic acid a part of?

A

coenzyme a

117
Q

Deficiency in what nutrient causes a need for b5?

A

copper

118
Q

Vitamin b6 is also known as?

A

PLP coenzyme

119
Q

What is b6 involved in the synthesis of what nervous system hormones?

A

serotonin and tryptophan

120
Q

Vitamin b6 is connected to what condition?

A

epilepsy

121
Q

What two vitamin increase b6 levels?

A

magnesium and folate

122
Q

What enzymes are decrease folate absorption?

A

pancreatic

123
Q

Folate decrease absorption of nutrient?

A

zinc

124
Q

low folate levels is connected to what disease?

A

alzheimers

125
Q

b12 is connected to what types of anemia?

A

pernicious and megoblastic

126
Q

Choline is needed for the synthesis of?

A

phospholipids

127
Q

What disease is connected in choline deficiency?

A

nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

128
Q

Vitamin c intake can cause an overload of another mineral. This mineral us?

A

iron

129
Q

High intake vitamin c will inhibit the absorption of? (two)

A

copper and selenium

130
Q

Vitamin c functions with what other vitamin?

A

vitamin e

131
Q

What mineral is responsible for activating vitamin k dependent clotting factors?

A

calcium

132
Q

What increase absorption of vitamin a?

A

vitamin e

133
Q

low levels of calcium in the blood causes the release of?

A

PTH

134
Q

Iron interferes with the absorption of?

A

vitamin e

135
Q

Zinc interferes with the absorption of ?

A

vitamin e and magnesium

136
Q

Fiber increases or decreases mg utilization?

A

decrease

137
Q

Protein increases or decreases mg utilization?

A

increases

138
Q

boiling food decreases the presence of what mineral?

A

potassium

139
Q

Nutrient partner of copper?

A

zinc

140
Q

Folate can mask what nutrient?

A

b12

141
Q

Pyruvate makes what short chain fatty acid?

A

acetate

CNS Exam (30 decks)

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