Vitamins and Minerals Flashcards
What function does folate/folic acid have in the body?
DNA and RNA synthesis
What type of ion is sodium?
extracellular
What conditions are related to sodium?
hypoatremia and hyperatremia
What is sodium balance regulated by?
aldosterone
What is the role of potassium (in relation to water regulation)?
maintain normal water and acid-base balance
What is the role of calcium in the body?
-blood clotting
-skeletal tissue
-absorption of B12
What mineral helps with the absorption of b12?
calcium
What increases the bio availability of calcium?
-lactose
-lysine
-vitamin D
Good sources of calcium?
-dairy
-shellfish
-sardines
-eggs
What are some symptoms or occurrences from low calcium?
-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-rickets
-hypertension
-periodontosis
What decreases calcium or is an antagonist?
-caffinene
-alcohol
-smoking
-antacids
What b vitamin is thiamine?
B1
What coenzyme function is b1 needed for?
decarboxylation of pyruvate
What causes a decrease in b1?
-fat
-acidic beverages
What foods have thiamin in it?
-seeds
-nuts
-wheat germ
-pork
-fish
What is the main condition formed by low b1?
beriberi
What is Beriberi?
-low b1
-often linked to alcoholism
What is wernicke-korsakaoff syndrome?
-low b1 and alcoholism
-memory loss, delusions
What can lower b1 levels?
-cooking
-alcohol
-drugs
What is the name for b2?
riboflavin
What is B2 or riboflavin needed for?
-function of the electron transport chain
-used to help form acetly coa
What are good sources of riboflavin?
-cheese
-fish
-whole grains
-currants
-vegetables
What physical symptoms occur with low b2 or riboflavin?
-dermatitis
-chelosis
-glossitis
-sensitivity to light
What is the name for B3?
niacin
What process or synthesis is niacin needed for?
-synthesis of NADH
-coenzyme so in many process (ex: cholesterol, metabolism, variety of synthesis)
What food sources have b3 or niacin
-eggs, liver, meat, variety of vegetables
What physical symptom shows deficiency in niacin or b3?
pellagra
What is folate needed for and to help prevent?
neural tube defects
What are good sources of folate?
liver, yeast, green spinach
Biotin is needed in the metabolism of?
carbohydrates, protein and fat
Biotin is reduced by what food?
chicken eggs
What foods have biotin?
various animal products
What does low biotin cause?
seborrheic (scaly scalp) and other skin problems
What is seborrheic mean?
scaly scalp
What is the name of vitamin b5?
pantothenic acid
What is B5 needed for?
-function of fats and carbohydrates
-metabolism of red blood cells
Low b5 can cause?
-burning feet syndrome
What is the name for b6?
pyridoxine
What is pyridoxine or b6 needed for?
-metabolism of proteins
-synthesis of hormones
What foods contain b6?
-yeast
-liver
-wheat
What vitamins can reduce plasma homocysteine concentrations?
b12, folate and b6
What is the name for vitamin b12?
cobalamin
What is b12 needed for?
-blood and nervous system function
-dna synthesis
what foods contain b12?
-liver
-meat
-fish
What is vitamin A needed for?
vision
What foods have vitamin a?
-squash
-liver
What amount to not go over for vitamin a?
10,000 IU
What is vitamin d required for?
-absorption of calcium and phosphorus
-formation of bone and teeth
What food contains vitamin d?
fish, dairy products
What does deficiency in vitamin d cause in children?
rickets
What is vitamin e needed for?
-antioxidant
-prevent the oxidation of polyunsaturated fats
-healthy heart and immune function
Vitamin e supports and recycles wha minerals?
vitamin c and beta carotene
What foods have vitamin e?
-leafy greens
-oils
-nuts
What is vitamin K function?
-clotting
-formation of prothrombin
What nutrient can decrease vitamin K?
vitamin e
Food sources that contain vitamin k?
-leafy greens
-vegetables
-whole grains
What is calcium needed for?
-clotting
-absorption of b12
-muscle contractions
-nerve support
What increases calcium?
-vitamin d
-lactose
-lysine
What is the best form on calcium to take?
calcium citrate
What symptoms are associated with low calcium levels?
-rickets
-brittle nails
-osteoporosis
-hypertension
What is chlorine needed for?
fluid balance
What is magnesium needed for?
-ATP
-calcium metabolism
-bone and teeth structure
-300 enzyme actions
-muscles
What nutrients decrease magnesium?
-calcium
-fiber
-dietary fats
What is phosphorus needed for?
-energy metabolism
-intracellular
-kidney function
What decreases phosphorus?
-calcium
-aluminum
What increases phosphorus?
vitamin d
What conditions are connected to low potassium?
-hypertensions
-low glucose tolerance
-muscle weakness
What is boron needed for?
-reduce urinary excretion of calcium
-increase levels of estrogen and testosterone
What foods contain boron?
-soybeans, prunes
What does low levels of boron cause?
-increase in calcium excretion
-decrease in sex hormones
What is the purpose of chromium?
-enhances the effect of insulin
What nutrient decreases chromium levels?
calcium carbonate
What foods contain chromium?
-grains and honey
What does chromium deficiency cause?
-glucose intolerence
-plaque
-decrease growth
What is the purpose of copper?
-iron metabolism
-formation of bone marrow
-needed for various protein functions
What mineral reduces copper?
zinc
What foods have copper?
nuts, legumes and liver
What is fluorine needed for?
-enamel
-prevents anemia in pregnancy
What foods have fluorine?
seafood
What is iodine needed for?
function of thyroid hormones
What foods have iodine?
seafood
Low levels of iodine can cause?
hypothyroidism
What is iron needed for?
-hemoglobin functioning
-o2 transport
What nutrient increase iron?
vitamin c
What nutrients decrease iron?
-cobalt, manganese and b6
What is the purpose of manganese’s?
-cofactor for pyruvate, acetly coa, bone mineralization
What nutrients decrease manganese ?
calcium, phos.,iron and cobalt
What nutrients increase manganese?
histidine and citrate
What foods contain manganese?
-grains, buts, eggs
Low levels of manganese cause?
glucose intolerence
What does nickel enhance?
iron
What is the purpose of selenium?
it is a component of glutathione peroxidase
What does selenium reduce?
oxidized vitamin e
What does selenium help convert?
thyroxine to triiodothyronine aka t3 to t4
What nutrient enhances selenium?
vitamin c
What disease is connected to low selenium levels?
kesha disease
What is the purpose of zinc?
-cofactor in 200 enzyme processes
-carbohydrate metabolism
-protein functions
What regulates calcium?
PTH, calcitonin, VD and phosphorus
PTH relates what mineral?
calcium
What hormone signals the kidney to reabsorb more sodium?
aldosterone
What mineral is connected to restless leg syndrome?
iron
What vitamin is needed in the pentose phosphate pathway?
b1
What nutrient increase estrogen and testosterone levels ?
boron
What digestive disease can cause acid urine?
IBS
Hormone that stimulates bile?
CCK
What stimulates pancreatic lipase in the break down of fats?
trypsin
Vitamin c inhibits what nutrient?
copper
What prevents the oxidation of vitamin b1 (thiamin)?
vitamin c
What micronutrient is needed to synthesize b1?
magnesium
Main food source of b1 thiamin
pork
What is b2 riboflavin needed for?
metabolic reactions and transfer of electrons
B2 is reduced by what nutrient?
calcium
b3 niacin is connected to what disease?
pellagra
People with what disease have a higher risk of b3 ricin deficiency?
HIV
What nutrient is needed to help tryptophan be converted to b3?
iron
What coenzyme is pantothenic acid a part of?
coenzyme a
Deficiency in what nutrient causes a need for b5?
copper
Vitamin b6 is also known as?
PLP coenzyme
What is b6 involved in the synthesis of what nervous system hormones?
serotonin and tryptophan
Vitamin b6 is connected to what condition?
epilepsy
What two vitamin increase b6 levels?
magnesium and folate
What enzymes are decrease folate absorption?
pancreatic
Folate decrease absorption of nutrient?
zinc
low folate levels is connected to what disease?
alzheimers
b12 is connected to what types of anemia?
pernicious and megoblastic
Choline is needed for the synthesis of?
phospholipids
What disease is connected in choline deficiency?
nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
Vitamin c intake can cause an overload of another mineral. This mineral us?
iron
High intake vitamin c will inhibit the absorption of? (two)
copper and selenium
Vitamin c functions with what other vitamin?
vitamin e
What mineral is responsible for activating vitamin k dependent clotting factors?
calcium
What increase absorption of vitamin a?
vitamin e
low levels of calcium in the blood causes the release of?
PTH
Iron interferes with the absorption of?
vitamin e
Zinc interferes with the absorption of ?
vitamin e and magnesium
Fiber increases or decreases mg utilization?
decrease
Protein increases or decreases mg utilization?
increases
boiling food decreases the presence of what mineral?
potassium
Nutrient partner of copper?
zinc
Folate can mask what nutrient?
b12
Pyruvate makes what short chain fatty acid?
acetate
