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CNS Exam > Organic Chemistry > Flashcards

Organic Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

How many carbons can monosaccharides have?

A

5 or 6

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2
Q

Examples of 6 carbon monosaccharides?

A

galactose, glucose and fructose

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3
Q

Examples of 5 carbon monosaccharides?

A

ribose and deoxyribose

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4
Q

What foods are galactose, glucose and fructose found in?

A

fruits, honey etc.

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5
Q

What are disaccharides?

A

two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds

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6
Q

Make up of lactose

A

glucose and galactose

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7
Q

Make up of maltose

A

glucose and glucose

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8
Q

Make up of sucrose

A

glucose and fructose

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9
Q

What foods contain maltose?

A

sprouted grains

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10
Q

What are oligosaccharides?

A

3-10 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds

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11
Q

Examples of polysaccharides?

A

glycogen and starch

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12
Q

What is starch made up of?

A

amylose and amylopectin

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13
Q

What does soluble mean?

A

binds to water

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14
Q

What does insoluble mean?

A

does not bind to water

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15
Q

What are essential amino acids?

A

body does not make

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16
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

P-phenylalanine
V-Valine
T-Tryptophan

T-Threonine
I-isoleucine
M-methione

H-histidine
A-arinine
L-Lysine
L-Leucine

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17
Q

What are the non-essential amino acids?

A

alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid serine

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18
Q

How are lipids classified?

A

-chain saturation
-chain length
-structural conformation

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19
Q

How many double bonds do saturated fats have?

A

no double bonds

20
Q

Are palmitic acids and stearic acids saturated or unsaturated?

A

saturated

21
Q

What foods are palmitic acids found in?

A

various oils

22
Q

What foods are stearic acids found?

A

meat and butter

23
Q

What type of fat is oleic acid?

A

monounsaturated

24
Q

How many double bonds do monounsaturated dats have?

A

one

25
Q

What foods contain oleic acid?

A

nuts, atacados

26
Q

How many double bonds do polyunsaturated fats have?

A

more than one

27
Q

Examples of polyunsaturated fats

A

EFA and arachidonic

28
Q

What is the role of chlyomicroms?

A

transport dietary lids

29
Q

What does soluble dietary fiber do for stool?

A

binds to water, which means that it softens stools

30
Q

Connection between soluble fibers and glucose/cholesterol?

A

soluble fibers bind glucose and cholesterol

31
Q

What does insoluble fibers do to stool?

A

increase stool bulk and stool frequency

32
Q

Glutamine is the preferred fuel source for what?

A

small intestine

33
Q

Types of nucleic acids?

A

pyrimidine and purine

34
Q

What are the two purine bases?

A

adenine and guanine

35
Q

What are the three pyrimidine bases?

A

uracil, thymine and cytosine

36
Q

What does adenine pair with?

A

thymidine

37
Q

What does guanine pair with?

A

cytosine

38
Q

How is ethanol produced?

A

fermentation of carbohydrates and starches

39
Q

What are the three sugar alcohols?

A

mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol

40
Q

Acetate (short chain fatty acid) is formed from?

A

produced from pyruvate

41
Q

What does oxalate bind to?

A

calcium

42
Q

What are the fat soluble vitamins?

A

A, D, E, K

43
Q

What does fat soluble mean?

A

dissolve in fats and oils, but not in water.

44
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A

B12, folate, B3, B2, B6, B1 and vitamin C

45
Q

In cis-fatty acids where are the hydrogens with double bonds found?

A

same side of the molecule

46
Q

In trans-fatty acids where are hydrogens with double bonds found?

A

opposite sides of the molecule

CNS Exam (30 decks)

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