Organic Chemistry Flashcards
How many carbons can monosaccharides have?
5 or 6
Examples of 6 carbon monosaccharides?
galactose, glucose and fructose
Examples of 5 carbon monosaccharides?
ribose and deoxyribose
What foods are galactose, glucose and fructose found in?
fruits, honey etc.
What are disaccharides?
two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds
Make up of lactose
glucose and galactose
Make up of maltose
glucose and glucose
Make up of sucrose
glucose and fructose
What foods contain maltose?
sprouted grains
What are oligosaccharides?
3-10 monosaccharide units joined by glycosidic bonds
Examples of polysaccharides?
glycogen and starch
What is starch made up of?
amylose and amylopectin
What does soluble mean?
binds to water
What does insoluble mean?
does not bind to water
What are essential amino acids?
body does not make
What are the essential amino acids?
P-phenylalanine
V-Valine
T-Tryptophan
T-Threonine
I-isoleucine
M-methione
H-histidine
A-arinine
L-Lysine
L-Leucine
What are the non-essential amino acids?
alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid serine
How are lipids classified?
-chain saturation
-chain length
-structural conformation
How many double bonds do saturated fats have?
no double bonds
Are palmitic acids and stearic acids saturated or unsaturated?
saturated
What foods are palmitic acids found in?
various oils
What foods are stearic acids found?
meat and butter
What type of fat is oleic acid?
monounsaturated
How many double bonds do monounsaturated dats have?
one
What foods contain oleic acid?
nuts, atacados
How many double bonds do polyunsaturated fats have?
more than one
Examples of polyunsaturated fats
EFA and arachidonic
What is the role of chlyomicroms?
transport dietary lids
What does soluble dietary fiber do for stool?
binds to water, which means that it softens stools
Connection between soluble fibers and glucose/cholesterol?
soluble fibers bind glucose and cholesterol
What does insoluble fibers do to stool?
increase stool bulk and stool frequency
Glutamine is the preferred fuel source for what?
small intestine
Types of nucleic acids?
pyrimidine and purine
What are the two purine bases?
adenine and guanine
What are the three pyrimidine bases?
uracil, thymine and cytosine
What does adenine pair with?
thymidine
What does guanine pair with?
cytosine
How is ethanol produced?
fermentation of carbohydrates and starches
What are the three sugar alcohols?
mannitol, sorbitol and xylitol
Acetate (short chain fatty acid) is formed from?
produced from pyruvate
What does oxalate bind to?
calcium
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What does fat soluble mean?
dissolve in fats and oils, but not in water.
What are the water soluble vitamins?
B12, folate, B3, B2, B6, B1 and vitamin C
In cis-fatty acids where are the hydrogens with double bonds found?
same side of the molecule
In trans-fatty acids where are hydrogens with double bonds found?
opposite sides of the molecule
