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CNS Exam > Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus > Flashcards

Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus Flashcards

1
Q

Where is most calcium located?

A

bone and teeth

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2
Q

What are the major functions of calcium?

A

-bone and tooth structure
-blood clotting
-muscle contraction
-secretion of PTH and calcitonin
-BP regulation

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3
Q

What is the relationship between vitamin D and calcium?

A

Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium in the small intestine. Without Vit. D the body can not absorb calcium effectively.

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4
Q

What is the relationship between vitamin D and vitamin K?

A

Activates proteins that bind calcium to bone.

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5
Q

What nutrients are antagonist for calcium?

A

-iron
-sodium
-caffeine
-phytic acid
-oxalates

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6
Q

What is the relationship between calcium and magnesium?

A

Mg is needed for the proper utilization of calcium. It helios convert vitamin D into its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

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7
Q

What is the relationship between calcium and phosphorus?

A

Needed to make bone (need balance of the ration between calcium and phosphorus).

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8
Q

What are enhancers for calcium?

A

D3, Mg, B6, K, protein, lactose, PTH, calcitonin

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9
Q

Signs and symptoms of calcium def.?

A

-Muscle twitching
-Muscle cramps
-Tetany (seizures)

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10
Q

how much calcium needed 9-18?

A

1300 mg

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11
Q

how much calcium needed 19-50?

A

1000mg

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12
Q

how much calcium needed for women 51 and over?

A

1200 mg

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13
Q

how much is needed for men 51 and over?

A

1000mg

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14
Q

How much calcium is needed for pregnant or lactating?

A

1300 mg (14-18 years) or 1000 mg (19-50 years)

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15
Q

What is phytic acid?

A

-found in plant based foods
-binds to calcium and forms insoluble complexes which then causes a reduction in the absorption of calcium

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16
Q

What are oxalates and how do they inhibit calcium absorption?

A

-compounds found in spinach
-can inhibit calcium absorption

17
Q

What effects do corticosteroids and anticonvulsants have on calcium?

A

reduce calcium metabolism and absorption

18
Q

What are the physical signs of low calcium?

A

-muscle twitching
-muscle cramps
-tetany or seizures

19
Q

How can calcium effect HIV inhibitor medication?

A

HIV inhibitors should not be taken with calcium supplementation (will decrease effectiveness of drug)

20
Q

How does calcium carbonate supplement effect levothyroxine or thyroid medication?

A

-Can not be taken together
-CA will interfere with absorption of medication

21
Q

What is the connection between lithium and calcium?

A

Lithium is used to treat bipolar disorders. If taken for a long time, it can lead to hypercalcemia.

22
Q

Should antibiotics be taken at the same time as calcium supplementations?

A

No

23
Q

What are the other more serious symptoms of calcium deficiency?

A

-Osteopenia
-Cramps
-Periodontitis
-Tremors, seizures
-Insomnia
-Hypertension
-Irritability
-Anxiety
-Brittle nails

24
Q

What are the diseases connected to calcium?

A

-Osteoporosis
-Rickets in children
-Hypocalcemia–low calcium levels
-Hypercalcemia-high calcium levels

25
Q

What are the most common calcium supplements?

A

calcium carbonate and calcium citrate

26
Q

What is the difference between calcium carbonate and calcium citrate?

A

calcium carbonate needs stomach acid to effectively work, which means it needs to be taken with food.

27
Q

What does ionized calcium lab assessments test?

A

Measures the concentration of free or ionized calcium in the blood. Shows the most active form of calcium present.

28
Q

What protein is bound to calcium?

A

protein albumin

29
Q

Common food sources of calcium?

A

-Yogurt and other dairy products
-Orange juice
-Sardines
-Salmon
-Spinach
-Kale

30
Q

What groups are at risk for calcium inadequacy?

A

-Menopausal women–>Due decrease in estrogen production then decreased calcium absorption and increased urinary calcium excretion.
-Individuals who avoid dairy products

31
Q

Where is magnesium stored?

A

60% in bone and 40% in soft tissue

32
Q

What are the functions of magnesium?

A

-300 + enzyme functions (such as protein synthesis, muscle/nerve function)
-Blood glucose control
-Blood pressure regulation
-Neuromuscular
-Hormone metabolism
-Heart, bone and calcium support
-ATP
-Supports RNA DNA

33
Q

What excretes excess magnesium?

A

kidneys

34
Q
A

CNS Exam (30 decks)

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