Calcium, Magnesium and Phosphorus

Question 1

Where is most calcium located?

Answer 1

bone and teeth

Question 2

What are the major functions of calcium?

Answer 2

-bone and tooth structure
-blood clotting
-muscle contraction
-secretion of PTH and calcitonin
-BP regulation

Question 3

What is the relationship between vitamin D and calcium?

Answer 3

Vitamin D promotes absorption of calcium in the small intestine. Without Vit. D the body can not absorb calcium effectively.

Question 4

What is the relationship between vitamin D and vitamin K?

Answer 4

Activates proteins that bind calcium to bone.

Question 5

What nutrients are antagonist for calcium?

Answer 5

-iron
-sodium
-caffeine
-phytic acid
-oxalates

Question 6

What is the relationship between calcium and magnesium?

Answer 6

Mg is needed for the proper utilization of calcium. It helios convert vitamin D into its active form, which is necessary for calcium absorption.

Question 7

What is the relationship between calcium and phosphorus?

Answer 7

Needed to make bone (need balance of the ration between calcium and phosphorus).

Question 8

What are enhancers for calcium?

Answer 8

D3, Mg, B6, K, protein, lactose, PTH, calcitonin

Question 9

Signs and symptoms of calcium def.?

Answer 9

-Muscle twitching
-Muscle cramps
-Tetany (seizures)

Question 10

how much calcium needed 9-18?

Answer 10

1300 mg

Question 11

how much calcium needed 19-50?

Answer 11

1000mg

Question 12

how much calcium needed for women 51 and over?

Answer 12

1200 mg

Question 13

how much is needed for men 51 and over?

Answer 13

1000mg

Question 14

How much calcium is needed for pregnant or lactating?

Answer 14

1300 mg (14-18 years) or 1000 mg (19-50 years)

Question 15

What is phytic acid?

Answer 15

-found in plant based foods
-binds to calcium and forms insoluble complexes which then causes a reduction in the absorption of calcium

Question 16

What are oxalates and how do they inhibit calcium absorption?

Answer 16

-compounds found in spinach
-can inhibit calcium absorption

Question 17

What effects do corticosteroids and anticonvulsants have on calcium?

Answer 17

reduce calcium metabolism and absorption

Question 18

What are the physical signs of low calcium?

Answer 18

-muscle twitching
-muscle cramps
-tetany or seizures

Question 19

How can calcium effect HIV inhibitor medication?

Answer 19

HIV inhibitors should not be taken with calcium supplementation (will decrease effectiveness of drug)

Question 20

How does calcium carbonate supplement effect levothyroxine or thyroid medication?

Answer 20

-Can not be taken together
-CA will interfere with absorption of medication

Question 21

What is the connection between lithium and calcium?

Answer 21

Lithium is used to treat bipolar disorders. If taken for a long time, it can lead to hypercalcemia.

Question 22

Should antibiotics be taken at the same time as calcium supplementations?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What are the other more serious symptoms of calcium deficiency?

Answer 23

-Osteopenia
-Cramps
-Periodontitis
-Tremors, seizures
-Insomnia
-Hypertension
-Irritability
-Anxiety
-Brittle nails

Question 24

What are the diseases connected to calcium?

Answer 24

-Osteoporosis
-Rickets in children
-Hypocalcemia–low calcium levels
-Hypercalcemia-high calcium levels

Question 25

What are the most common calcium supplements?

Answer 25

calcium carbonate and calcium citrate

Question 26

What is the difference between calcium carbonate and calcium citrate?

Answer 26

calcium carbonate needs stomach acid to effectively work, which means it needs to be taken with food.

Question 27

What does ionized calcium lab assessments test?

Answer 27

Measures the concentration of free or ionized calcium in the blood. Shows the most active form of calcium present.

Question 28

What protein is bound to calcium?

Answer 28

protein albumin

Question 29

Common food sources of calcium?

Answer 29

-Yogurt and other dairy products -Orange juice -Sardines -Salmon -Spinach -Kale

Question 30

What groups are at risk for calcium inadequacy?

Answer 30

-Menopausal women-->Due decrease in estrogen production then decreased calcium absorption and increased urinary calcium excretion. -Individuals who avoid dairy products

Question 31

Where is magnesium stored?

Answer 31

60% in bone and 40% in soft tissue

Question 32

What are the functions of magnesium?

Answer 32

-300 + enzyme functions (such as protein synthesis, muscle/nerve function) -Blood glucose control -Blood pressure regulation -Neuromuscular -Hormone metabolism -Heart, bone and calcium support -ATP -Supports RNA DNA

Question 33

What excretes excess magnesium?

Answer 33

kidneys