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CNS Exam > Practice CNS Test Questions > Flashcards

Practice CNS Test Questions Flashcards

1
Q

What vitamin acts as a hormone?

A

Vitamin D

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2
Q

The hormone gastrin exerts the following:

A

increase of pepsinogen, increase esophageal pressure, gallbladder contraction and increase HCL

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3
Q

What primary organ is affected by CCK?

A

pancreas

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4
Q

What does the CCK stimulate?

A

secretion of pancreatic enzymes

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5
Q

What is the preferred fuels source for enterocytes?

A

glutamine

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6
Q

The bio availability of magnesium may be reduced by?

A

zinc

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7
Q

How are most amino acids and ions absorbed?

A

active transport

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8
Q

What mineral is a cofactor for carbonic anhydrase?

A

zinc

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9
Q

What is carbonic anhydrase?

A

make CO2 to carbonic acid

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10
Q

What is the site for the release of serotonin?

A

GI tract and spinal cord

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11
Q

Being in the 95 percentile means?

A

obese

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12
Q

EPA inhibits?

A

arachidonic acid metabolism

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13
Q

What mineral is associated with Keshans disease?

A

Selenium

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14
Q

What is Keshans disease

A

def. in selenium which causes a form of heart disease

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15
Q

What compound transports long chain fatty acids to mitochondria?

A

L-carnitine

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16
Q

a small amount go niacin can be synthesized from?

A

tryptophan

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17
Q

What happens when leptin resistance occurs?

A

fat gain

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18
Q

What is the preferred fuel source for colonocytes?

A

butyrate

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19
Q

Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier?

A

transferrin

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20
Q

A required prerequisite for the digestion of proteins is the HCL-dependent process called?

A

denaturation

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21
Q

Digestive enzyme secreted from the brush border of microvilli to help with digestion is?

A

sucrase

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22
Q

Grapefruit is contradicted with medications because it contains?

A

furanocoumarins

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23
Q

Deficiency of this nutrient is a consequence of long-term consumption of excessive zinc. What nutrient is it?

A

copper(high zinc intake can inhibit copper)

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24
Q

What nutrient, when in high amounts, could present symptoms of impaired renal function and tingling of hands and feet?

A

potassium

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25
Q

Decreased plasma glucose levels stimulate_____secretion by pancreatic alpha cells?

A

glucagon

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26
Q

The hormone that is synthesized in the adipose tissue and that signals satiety?

A

leptin

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27
Q

Beta-glucans are found in what food?

A

mushrooms

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28
Q

Which type of diarrhea causes blood loss, puss and mucous?

A

exudative

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29
Q

Which mineral is connected to restless leg syndrome?

A

iron

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30
Q

Use of anthracyline drugs inhibit the synthesis of?

A

co-Q10

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31
Q

If a client has pernicious anemia, they most likely are deficient in?

A

b12

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32
Q

What nutrient should be avoid before surgery?

A

-vitamin e because it acts as a blood thinner

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33
Q

What diet change would decrease cholesterol concentration?

A

decrease in saturated fat intake

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34
Q

What happens in response to injury hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia?

A

hyperglycemia

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35
Q

Keshans disease is a disease of what nutrient?

A

selenium

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36
Q

The body can convert tryptophan to what nutrient?

A

niacin

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37
Q

The body can synthesis niacin to tryptophan using what nutrients?

A

iron, b2 and b6

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38
Q

What is the purpose of aldosterone in relation to sodium and potassium control?

A

keeps sodium and potassium levels balanced by controlling blood pressure and fluids.

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39
Q

Which is no an intestinal gas: co2, o2, nitrogen, hydrogen or sulfur

A

sulfur

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40
Q

What also increases during metabolic alkalosis?

A

serum bicarbonate

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41
Q

What are triggers for thyroid dysfunction (4 examples)?

A

-pregnancy
-restrictive diets
-over exercising
-aging

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42
Q

A red sore tongue means the body is low in?

A

-b vitamins
-folate
-biotin

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43
Q

What nutrients are connected to acne?

A

-zinc
-vitamin a
-selenium

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44
Q

What is NH3?

A

ammonia

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45
Q

High levels of NH3 or ammonia is connected to?

A

liver disease

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46
Q

What nutrients are involved in wound healing?

A

vitamin e, c and zinc

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47
Q

1 pound is how many kilograms

A

2.205

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48
Q

How to calculate bmi with kilograms

A

weight/height^2 x 703

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49
Q

alpha-lionleic acid supports what experience for diabetics?

A

nerve pain

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50
Q

High levels of phosphorus cause excretion of what vitamin?

A

calcium

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51
Q

Do not take valerian root if on what type of medication?

A

anti-seizure

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52
Q

Are potatoes considered a night shade?

A

no

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53
Q

What diarrhea is connected to crohns disease?

A

mucosal

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54
Q

What foods have oxalates?

A

swiss chard, parsley and collards

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55
Q

Inflammatory bowel disease causes what type of urine?

A

acidic urine

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56
Q

What herb helps with heavy metal detox?

A

cilantro

57
Q

What vitamin enhances selenium?

A

vitamin c

58
Q

What vitamin supplementation should be taken for sickle cell anemia?

A

zinc

59
Q

purine rich food examples

A

sardines, anchovies and various meat products

60
Q

Calcium supports the absorption of what nutrient?

A

b12

61
Q

What mineral is responsible for converting fat to glucose in the heart?

A

carnitie

62
Q

Too much copper causes what disease?

A

Wilsons disease

63
Q

microcytic anemia example?

A

iron deficiency

64
Q

macocytic anemia example?

A

pernicious anemia

65
Q

What nutrient is lost the quickest duet dialysis

A

folate

66
Q

What medication will reduce calcium?

A

antacids

67
Q

Ferrtin tells how much?

A

iron

68
Q

Vitamin c recycles what nutrient ?

A

vitamin e

69
Q

licorice can sooth what?

A

the stomach

70
Q

Anthraylaclin drugs inhibit?

A

coq10

71
Q

What nutrient enhance chromium?

A

vitamin c

72
Q

What fruit can be eaten on ketogenic diet?

A

berries

73
Q

Tryptophan can be converted to what b vitamin?

A

niacin

74
Q

The conversion of tryptophan to niacin is accomplished by?

A

iron, b6 and b2

75
Q

which mineral affect iron absorption?

A

calcium

76
Q

What is parenteral nutrition?

A

feeding given to a patient who is unable to feed themselves by mouth

77
Q

Bioflavnoids are found in what part of the fruit?

A

pulp

78
Q

Hops in beer can increase?

A

prolactin

79
Q

Macrobiotic diets are high in?

A

whole grains

80
Q

What fiber helps with bowel movements?

A

insoluble fiber

81
Q

What disorder causes a defect in the phenylalanine hydroxyls enzyme?

A

PKU or phenylketonuria

82
Q

What mineral decreases iron?

A

manganese

83
Q

Inadequate mixing of chyme is connected to what disease (digestive)?

A

crohns

84
Q

What is enternal nutrition?

A

tube feeding by the gastro

85
Q

What is paternal nutrition?

A

time feeding by the vein

86
Q

Calcitonin does what when calcium levels are high?

A

stores calcium in the bones

87
Q

PTH does what when calcium is low?

A

signals to release calcium

88
Q

ALT enzyme is found in the?

A

liver

89
Q

Smokers have a higher daily requirement than non-smokers for which vitamin?

A

vitamin c

90
Q

Why do smokers need an increase in vitamin c?

A

to help combat oxidative stress

91
Q

When HCL is low it causes a decrease in what minerals?

A

CA and FE

92
Q

What is needed to form hemoglobin?

A

iron and copper

93
Q

When a patient is obese what happens to their adipocytes cells?

A

hyperplasia and hypertrophy (as we gain wight our fat cells increase in size and in number leading to increased adipose tissue in the body)

94
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

cell number increases

95
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

cell size increases

96
Q

What is achalasia?

A

dysfunction of the esophagus

97
Q

What is gastritis?

A

inflammation of the stomach lining

98
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A

fat in the stool

99
Q

What is pinocytosis?

A

ingestion of water into cells

100
Q

Deficiencies of iron generally result in which type of anemia?

A

microcytic

101
Q

Megaloblastic anemia is specific to a deficiency of?

A

b12

102
Q

Microcytic anemia is most specifically connected to?

A

-low b12

103
Q

What is hemolytic anemia connected to?

A

RBCS being destroyed, which is connected to sickle cell and lupus.

104
Q

What types of foods should be avoid on low residue diets?

A

fruit and dried fruit

105
Q

What leads people to need a low residue diet?

A

diarrhea and inflammation of in the tract

106
Q

What leads people to need a low residue diet?

A

diarrhea and inflammation of in the tract

107
Q

What nutrient is decreased due to epileptic medications like phenytoin?

A

folate

108
Q

calcium interferes with the absorption of?

A

iron

109
Q

What foods are high in purines?

A

meat and seafood

110
Q

What food should people with gout avoid?

A

purines?

111
Q

What regulates (body areas) the blood levels of magnesium?

A

small intestine and kidneys

112
Q

C-reactive protein is the most sensitive indicator for?

A

inflammation

113
Q

In what form is most body fat stored?

A

triglycerides

114
Q

What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis in the muscle and liver?

A

epinephrine and glucagon

115
Q

What trace mineral is considered essential for normal brain function (chromium, vanadium, fluorine or manganese?)

A

manganese

116
Q

What nutrient can interfere with hormone medication for thyroid?

A

iron

117
Q

What mineral is need to oxidize iron?

A

copper

118
Q

What does hydrophilic mean?

A

can dissolve in water

119
Q

How many calories from: fat, carbs, protein and alcohol?

A

fat-9
carbs-4
protein-4
alcohol 7

120
Q

how to calculate kcal?

A

of calories from macronutrient x number of calories from food

121
Q

insulin stimulates_____and inhibits____

A

glycogenesis, gluconeogensis

122
Q

What monosaccharide is the preferred energy source for the nervous system and the sole source of for the red blood cells?

A

glucose

123
Q

Protein requirement increase by what percent for pregnant women?

A

25%

124
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A

There are 20 amino acids but only 9 (sometimes 10) are considered essential to humans. Leucine is an essential amino acid. The other choices are nonessential amino acids.

Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine

125
Q
A
126
Q

What part of the fruit contains bioflavonoids?

A

The pulp

127
Q

Which mineral mimics the effects of insulin on adipocytes?

A

Vanadium

128
Q

What mineral potentates insulin?

A

Chromium

129
Q

What vitamin can lead to neuropathy, ataxia and degeneration of neurons?

A

B6

130
Q

What mineral can you find in almost all foods?

A

Phosphorus

131
Q

What vitamin in connected to lower testosterone and sperm count?

A

Vitamin d

132
Q

What vitamin helps fish oil stay good?

A

Vitamin e

133
Q

What neurotransmitter can cause allergic reactions and impact mood?

A

Histamine

134
Q

What botanical can cause urine to smell like maple syrup?

A

Fenugreek

135
Q

Night eating syndrome may be related to an imbalance of what hormone?

A

Cortisol

136
Q

How much low mercury fish to eat a week?

A

4 oz.

137
Q

Safe internal temp for eggs?

A

150 f.

138
Q

What type of anemia is red blood cell damage that leads to oxidative stress?

A

Hemolytic

CNS Exam (30 decks)

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