Practice CNS Test Questions Flashcards
1
Q
What vitamin acts as a hormone?
A
Vitamin D
2
Q
The hormone gastrin exerts the following:
A
increase of pepsinogen, increase esophageal pressure, gallbladder contraction and increase HCL
3
Q
What primary organ is affected by CCK?
A
pancreas
4
Q
What does the CCK stimulate?
A
secretion of pancreatic enzymes
5
Q
What is the preferred fuels source for enterocytes?
A
glutamine
6
Q
The bio availability of magnesium may be reduced by?
A
zinc
7
Q
How are most amino acids and ions absorbed?
A
active transport
8
Q
What mineral is a cofactor for carbonic anhydrase?
A
zinc
9
Q
What is carbonic anhydrase?
A
make CO2 to carbonic acid
10
Q
What is the site for the release of serotonin?
A
GI tract and spinal cord
11
Q
Being in the 95 percentile means?
A
obese
12
Q
EPA inhibits?
A
arachidonic acid metabolism
13
Q
What mineral is associated with Keshans disease?
A
Selenium
14
Q
What is Keshans disease
A
def. in selenium which causes a form of heart disease
15
Q
What compound transports long chain fatty acids to mitochondria?
A
L-carnitine
16
Q
a small amount go niacin can be synthesized from?
A
tryptophan
17
Q
What happens when leptin resistance occurs?
A
fat gain
18
Q
What is the preferred fuel source for colonocytes?
A
butyrate
19
Q
Most iron is transported in the blood via the plasma carrier?
A
transferrin
20
Q
A required prerequisite for the digestion of proteins is the HCL-dependent process called?
A
denaturation
21
Q
Digestive enzyme secreted from the brush border of microvilli to help with digestion is?
A
sucrase
22
Q
Grapefruit is contradicted with medications because it contains?
A
furanocoumarins
23
Q
Deficiency of this nutrient is a consequence of long-term consumption of excessive zinc. What nutrient is it?
A
copper(high zinc intake can inhibit copper)
24
Q
What nutrient, when in high amounts, could present symptoms of impaired renal function and tingling of hands and feet?
A
potassium
25
Decreased plasma glucose levels stimulate_____secretion by pancreatic alpha cells?
glucagon
26
The hormone that is synthesized in the adipose tissue and that signals satiety?
leptin
27
Beta-glucans are found in what food?
mushrooms
28
Which type of diarrhea causes blood loss, puss and mucous?
exudative
29
Which mineral is connected to restless leg syndrome?
iron
30
Use of anthracyline drugs inhibit the synthesis of?
co-Q10
31
If a client has pernicious anemia, they most likely are deficient in?
b12
32
What nutrient should be avoid before surgery?
-vitamin e because it acts as a blood thinner
33
What diet change would decrease cholesterol concentration?
decrease in saturated fat intake
34
What happens in response to injury hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia?
hyperglycemia
35
Keshans disease is a disease of what nutrient?
selenium
36
The body can convert tryptophan to what nutrient?
niacin
37
The body can synthesis niacin to tryptophan using what nutrients?
iron, b2 and b6
38
What is the purpose of aldosterone in relation to sodium and potassium control?
keeps sodium and potassium levels balanced by controlling blood pressure and fluids.
39
Which is no an intestinal gas: co2, o2, nitrogen, hydrogen or sulfur
sulfur
40
What also increases during metabolic alkalosis?
serum bicarbonate
41
What are triggers for thyroid dysfunction (4 examples)?
-pregnancy
-restrictive diets
-over exercising
-aging
42
A red sore tongue means the body is low in?
-b vitamins
-folate
-biotin
43
What nutrients are connected to acne?
-zinc
-vitamin a
-selenium
44
What is NH3?
ammonia
45
High levels of NH3 or ammonia is connected to?
liver disease
46
What nutrients are involved in wound healing?
vitamin e, c and zinc
47
1 pound is how many kilograms
2.205
48
How to calculate bmi with kilograms
weight/height^2 x 703
49
alpha-lionleic acid supports what experience for diabetics?
nerve pain
50
High levels of phosphorus cause excretion of what vitamin?
calcium
51
Do not take valerian root if on what type of medication?
anti-seizure
52
Are potatoes considered a night shade?
no
53
What diarrhea is connected to crohns disease?
mucosal
54
What foods have oxalates?
swiss chard, parsley and collards
55
Inflammatory bowel disease causes what type of urine?
acidic urine
56
What herb helps with heavy metal detox?
cilantro
57
What vitamin enhances selenium?
vitamin c
58
What vitamin supplementation should be taken for sickle cell anemia?
zinc
59
purine rich food examples
sardines, anchovies and various meat products
60
Calcium supports the absorption of what nutrient?
b12
61
What mineral is responsible for converting fat to glucose in the heart?
carnitie
62
Too much copper causes what disease?
Wilsons disease
63
microcytic anemia example?
iron deficiency
64
macocytic anemia example?
pernicious anemia
65
What nutrient is lost the quickest duet dialysis
folate
66
What medication will reduce calcium?
antacids
67
Ferrtin tells how much?
iron
68
Vitamin c recycles what nutrient ?
vitamin e
69
licorice can sooth what?
the stomach
70
Anthraylaclin drugs inhibit?
coq10
71
What nutrient enhance chromium?
vitamin c
72
What fruit can be eaten on ketogenic diet?
berries
73
Tryptophan can be converted to what b vitamin?
niacin
74
The conversion of tryptophan to niacin is accomplished by?
iron, b6 and b2
75
which mineral affect iron absorption?
calcium
76
What is parenteral nutrition?
feeding given to a patient who is unable to feed themselves by mouth
77
Bioflavnoids are found in what part of the fruit?
pulp
78
Hops in beer can increase?
prolactin
79
Macrobiotic diets are high in?
whole grains
80
What fiber helps with bowel movements?
insoluble fiber
81
What disorder causes a defect in the phenylalanine hydroxyls enzyme?
PKU or phenylketonuria
82
What mineral decreases iron?
manganese
83
Inadequate mixing of chyme is connected to what disease (digestive)?
crohns
84
What is enternal nutrition?
tube feeding by the gastro
85
What is paternal nutrition?
time feeding by the vein
86
Calcitonin does what when calcium levels are high?
stores calcium in the bones
87
PTH does what when calcium is low?
signals to release calcium
88
ALT enzyme is found in the?
liver
89
Smokers have a higher daily requirement than non-smokers for which vitamin?
vitamin c
90
Why do smokers need an increase in vitamin c?
to help combat oxidative stress
91
When HCL is low it causes a decrease in what minerals?
CA and FE
92
What is needed to form hemoglobin?
iron and copper
93
When a patient is obese what happens to their adipocytes cells?
hyperplasia and hypertrophy (as we gain wight our fat cells increase in size and in number leading to increased adipose tissue in the body)
94
What is hyperplasia?
cell number increases
95
What is hypertrophy?
cell size increases
96
What is achalasia?
dysfunction of the esophagus
97
What is gastritis?
inflammation of the stomach lining
98
What is steatorrhea?
fat in the stool
99
What is pinocytosis?
ingestion of water into cells
100
Deficiencies of iron generally result in which type of anemia?
microcytic
101
Megaloblastic anemia is specific to a deficiency of?
b12
102
Microcytic anemia is most specifically connected to?
-low b12
103
What is hemolytic anemia connected to?
RBCS being destroyed, which is connected to sickle cell and lupus.
104
What types of foods should be avoid on low residue diets?
fruit and dried fruit
105
What leads people to need a low residue diet?
diarrhea and inflammation of in the tract
106
What leads people to need a low residue diet?
diarrhea and inflammation of in the tract
107
What nutrient is decreased due to epileptic medications like phenytoin?
folate
108
calcium interferes with the absorption of?
iron
109
What foods are high in purines?
meat and seafood
110
What food should people with gout avoid?
purines?
111
What regulates (body areas) the blood levels of magnesium?
small intestine and kidneys
112
C-reactive protein is the most sensitive indicator for?
inflammation
113
In what form is most body fat stored?
triglycerides
114
What hormones stimulate glycogenolysis in the muscle and liver?
epinephrine and glucagon
115
What trace mineral is considered essential for normal brain function (chromium, vanadium, fluorine or manganese?)
manganese
116
What nutrient can interfere with hormone medication for thyroid?
iron
117
What mineral is need to oxidize iron?
copper
118
What does hydrophilic mean?
can dissolve in water
119
How many calories from: fat, carbs, protein and alcohol?
fat-9
carbs-4
protein-4
alcohol 7
120
how to calculate kcal?
of calories from macronutrient x number of calories from food
121
insulin stimulates_____and inhibits____
glycogenesis, gluconeogensis
122
What monosaccharide is the preferred energy source for the nervous system and the sole source of for the red blood cells?
glucose
123
Protein requirement increase by what percent for pregnant women?
25%
124
What are the essential amino acids?
There are 20 amino acids but only 9 (sometimes 10) are considered essential to humans. Leucine is an essential amino acid. The other choices are nonessential amino acids.
Phenylalanine
Valine
Tryptophan
Threonine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Histidine
Leucine
Lysine
125
126
What part of the fruit contains bioflavonoids?
The pulp
127
Which mineral mimics the effects of insulin on adipocytes?
Vanadium
128
What mineral potentates insulin?
Chromium
129
What vitamin can lead to neuropathy, ataxia and degeneration of neurons?
B6
130
What mineral can you find in almost all foods?
Phosphorus
131
What vitamin in connected to lower testosterone and sperm count?
Vitamin d
132
What vitamin helps fish oil stay good?
Vitamin e
133
What neurotransmitter can cause allergic reactions and impact mood?
Histamine
134
What botanical can cause urine to smell like maple syrup?
Fenugreek
135
Night eating syndrome may be related to an imbalance of what hormone?
Cortisol
136
How much low mercury fish to eat a week?
4 oz.
137
Safe internal temp for eggs?
150 f.
138
What type of anemia is red blood cell damage that leads to oxidative stress?
Hemolytic
