MNT for cardiovascular, dyslipidemias, and hypertension Flashcards
3 major risk factors with CVD?
-low HDL
-hypertension
-family history of coronary heart disease
-Other factors include: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose
What non-diet related practices should a client with CVD follow (lifestyle, stress)
-engage in exercise
-stress reducing activities (ex: yoga)
-control over food that is cooked and consumed
-
What type of diet should someone with CVD follow?
-low saturated fats
-avoid trans. fats
-restrictive caloric diet
-mediterranean diet is an option
-increase fiber
What medications are primarily prescribed to an individual with CVD?
-HMG COa reductase (statin)
What is atherosclerotic?
plaque (builds up in the heart)
What is a myocardial infarction (MI)
a heart attack or stroke
What is a thrombus?
blood clot
What does low density lipoprotein transport?
cholesterol
What are the main lipoproteins?
-VLDL
-LDL
-HDL
What is the role of lipoproteins?
to transfer lipids to cells for energy, storage or use
What are chylomicrons?
transport dietary fat and cholesterol from the small intestine to the liver
What is HDLs role?
transfer cholesterol to liver so then it can be removed from body
What is LDL role?
take cholesterol to the arteries
Optional range for cholesterol?
170 mg/dl or less
Lab results that may be related to CVD?
-elevated C-reactive protein
- fibronogen
What popular diet plan should a client with CVD follow?
Mediterranean diet
What are the guidelines for the Mediterranean diet?
-lots of fruit and vegetables
-fish
-whole grains
-lean meats
-good oils (nuts and olive oil)
What popular diet do people with hypertension follow?
DASH diet
What is the DASH diet?
-high fruits and vegetables
-low dairy
-grains
-low in animal protein and sugar
Increase in____and___can lead to CVD?
-LDL
-saturated fats
Saturated fatty acids are?
fatty acids with no double bonds
Food examples high in saturated fats
-red meat (ground beef)
-potato chips
-butter
-dessert foods
Examples of polyunsaturated fats?
omega-3 abd omega-6
Foods with omega-6?
-sunflower oil
Other name for omega-6?
linoleic acid
Examples of omega-3?
EPA and DHA
Food sources for omega-3?
-flax seeds
-chia seeds
-salmon
omega-3 and omega-6 are what type of fats?
polyunsaturated fats
How many double bonds do monounsaturated fats contain?
one
Example of monounsaturated fats?
oleic acid
What does hydrogenation mean?
addition of hydrogen atom to an unsaturated fat, which changes the double bond from cis to trans configuration
What is hyperlipemia?
elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL-C or triglycerides
Benefit of stand or steer esters?
supplementation can lower LDL-C
Sodium does what to blood pressure?
increases it
What 3 vitamin supplements to include when one has hypertension?
calcium, magnesium and potassium
