MNT for cardiovascular, dyslipidemias, and hypertension

Question 1

3 major risk factors with CVD?

Answer 1

-low HDL
-hypertension
-family history of coronary heart disease
-Other factors include: abdominal obesity, elevated triglycerides, elevated fasting glucose

Question 2

What non-diet related practices should a client with CVD follow (lifestyle, stress)

Answer 2

-engage in exercise
-stress reducing activities (ex: yoga)
-control over food that is cooked and consumed
-

Question 3

What type of diet should someone with CVD follow?

Answer 3

-low saturated fats
-avoid trans. fats
-restrictive caloric diet
-mediterranean diet is an option
-increase fiber

Question 4

What medications are primarily prescribed to an individual with CVD?

Answer 4

-HMG COa reductase (statin)

Question 5

What is atherosclerotic?

Answer 5

plaque (builds up in the heart)

Question 6

What is a myocardial infarction (MI)

Answer 6

a heart attack or stroke

Question 7

What is a thrombus?

Answer 7

blood clot

Question 8

What does low density lipoprotein transport?

Answer 8

cholesterol

Question 9

What are the main lipoproteins?

Answer 9

-VLDL
-LDL
-HDL

Question 10

What is the role of lipoproteins?

Answer 10

to transfer lipids to cells for energy, storage or use

Question 11

What are chylomicrons?

Answer 11

transport dietary fat and cholesterol from the small intestine to the liver

Question 12

What is HDLs role?

Answer 12

transfer cholesterol to liver so then it can be removed from body

Question 13

What is LDL role?

Answer 13

take cholesterol to the arteries

Question 14

Optional range for cholesterol?

Answer 14

170 mg/dl or less

Question 15

Lab results that may be related to CVD?

Answer 15

-elevated C-reactive protein
- fibronogen

Question 16

What popular diet plan should a client with CVD follow?

Answer 16

Mediterranean diet

Question 17

What are the guidelines for the Mediterranean diet?

Answer 17

-lots of fruit and vegetables
-fish
-whole grains
-lean meats
-good oils (nuts and olive oil)

Question 18

What popular diet do people with hypertension follow?

Answer 18

DASH diet

Question 19

What is the DASH diet?

Answer 19

-high fruits and vegetables
-low dairy
-grains
-low in animal protein and sugar

Question 20

Increase in____and___can lead to CVD?

Answer 20

-LDL
-saturated fats

Question 21

Saturated fatty acids are?

Answer 21

fatty acids with no double bonds

Question 22

Food examples high in saturated fats

Answer 22

-red meat (ground beef)
-potato chips
-butter
-dessert foods

Question 23

Examples of polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 23

omega-3 abd omega-6

Question 24

Foods with omega-6?

Answer 24

-sunflower oil

Question 25

Other name for omega-6?

Answer 25

linoleic acid

Question 26

Examples of omega-3?

Answer 26

EPA and DHA

Question 27

Food sources for omega-3?

Answer 27

-flax seeds
-chia seeds
-salmon

Question 28

omega-3 and omega-6 are what type of fats?

Answer 28

polyunsaturated fats

Question 29

How many double bonds do monounsaturated fats contain?

Answer 29

one

Question 30

Example of monounsaturated fats?

Answer 30

oleic acid

Question 31

What does hydrogenation mean?

Answer 31

addition of hydrogen atom to an unsaturated fat, which changes the double bond from cis to trans configuration

Question 32

What is hyperlipemia?

Answer 32

elevated levels of cholesterol, LDL-C or triglycerides

Question 33

Benefit of stand or steer esters?

Answer 33

supplementation can lower LDL-C

Question 34

Sodium does what to blood pressure?

Answer 34

increases it

Question 35

What 3 vitamin supplements to include when one has hypertension?

Answer 35

calcium, magnesium and potassium