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A + P II > VISION PT 1 > Flashcards

VISION PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the eye is visible

A

anterior 1/6th of the eye

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2
Q

what is happening around the rest of the eye

A

enclosed by fat and the walls that cushion it

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3
Q

is the eye the most highly developed sensory organ

A

yes, 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye

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4
Q

what happens when someone loses vision

A

develop more sensitivity in other senses

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5
Q

what are the accessory structure in the eye

A

eyebrows, eyelids (palpebrae), eyelashes, lacrimal carunale

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6
Q

what are the functions of eyebrows

A

shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching eyes

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7
Q

what are eyelids supported by

A

internally by connective tissue sheets (tarsal plates)

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8
Q

what are the functions of eyelids

A

protect the eyes, prevent drying through blinking

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9
Q

what are the functions of eyelashes

A

projecting follicles that induce reflex blinking when touching

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10
Q

whats the lacrimal caruncle

A

fleshy elevation that contains sweat glands

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11
Q

whats the conjunctiva

A

Thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner eyelid and white part of eye

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12
Q

what does the conjunctiva produce

A

lubricating mucus to prevent eye from drying out

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13
Q

whats palpebral conjunctiva

A

lines inner eyelids

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14
Q

whats bulbular conjunctiva

A

covers only whites of eyes, not cornea

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15
Q

describe the appearance of bulbulalr conjunctiva

A

very thin and blood vessels are clearly visible underneath

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16
Q

what is the eyeball filled with

A

fluid (humors)

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17
Q

what are the three layers of the eye (outer to inner)

A

fibrous, vascular, inner (neural)

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18
Q

describe the fibrous layer

A

white part of eye; Sclera and cornea

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19
Q

describe the vascular layer

A

colored part of the eye; Choroid, ciliary body, and iris

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20
Q

describe the inner layer

A

neural layer; retina; contains photoreceptors

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21
Q

whats the scherla

A

posterior (white) portion of the eye

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22
Q

what does the scherla articulate with

A

dura mater of the brain
through the optic nerve

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23
Q

whats the cornea

A

anterior 1/6th and part of the eye thats most susceptible to damage

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24
Q

why does the cornea need to be protected from damage

A

because its important for focusing on things

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25
what does the cornea have
pain receptors
26
what does the vascular layer contain
choroid, ciliary body, iris
27
whats the choroid
membrane forming posterior 5/6th; dark brown and blood vessel rich
28
whats the ciliary body
ring covering the lens (posterior to pupil)
29
what does the ciliary body contain
smooth (ciliary) muscle, which control shape of the lens
30
what does the ciliary body have
ciliary processes: capillaries allowing for fluid to be moved into the eye
30
what does the ciliary body have
ciliary processes: capillaries allowing for fluid to be moved into the eye
31
whats the iris
visible colored part of the eye (between cornea/lens)
32
what kind of muscle is the iris made of and how is it structured and why
Two smooth muscle layers surround pupil (allows light to enter the eye)
33
what causes parasympathetic activation of the vascular layer
bright or close vision; boredom
34
describe parasympathetic activation of the vascular layer
Ciliary and circular muscle contraction; lens sludge and pupils constrict
35
what causes sympathetic activation of the vascular layer
Dim or distance vision; Interested, excited, fearful, concentrating
36
describe sympathetic activation of the vascular layer
ciliary relaxation and muscle contraction; lens flatten and pupils dilate
37
whats the difference between Parasympethic and sympathetic muscles in eye
PS stimulation causes circular muscles to active while sympathetic stimulation causes radial muscles to contract
38
what does the retain consist of
2 layers; pigmented retina (outer) and neural layer (inner)
39
what does the pigmented retina (outer) absorb
light
40
what does the pigmented retina (outer) contain
phagocytes → remove dead photoreceptor cells
41
what does the pigmented retina (outer) store
Vit A for photoreceptors
42
what is the neural layer composed of
1) Photoreceptors 2) Bipolar cells 3) Ganglion cells
43
what is electromagnetic radiation
all energy waves (spectrum)
44
how does light travel
photons (condensed energy) in the form of waves; Speed is up to 300,000 km/s
45
describe visible light spectrum wavelength
Wavelength = 400-700nm
46
how does color work on light spectrum
each color bends to a different degree
47
how is color seen
an object is reflecting those specific wavelengths (off of non transparent objects)
48
how are black vs white seen
White reflects every wavelength Black absorbs all wavelengths
49
how are other colors seen
reflect the color you see and absorb the rest
50
describe red vs violet wavelengths
red - the longest, but have the lowest energy violet - shortest and has the most energy
51
describe light speed
constant except when passing from one transparent object to another with a different density
52
how would a less dense light medium change light speed
increase it
53
how would a denser light medium change light speed
decrease it
54
whats a refraction
change in speed of light
55
whats the lens
transparent and curved at both ends
56
what does the convex part of the lens do
bends light together at a focal point; More convex shorter distance to focal point
57
differentiate between convex and concave
convex is thicker inn center and concave is thicker on edges
58
what does concave part of lens do
bends light away from each other
59
when is light bent
1) entering cornea 2) entering the lens 3) leaving the lens
60
describe refractory power
Majority of refractory power is in cornea, but constant and can’t change focus
61
what does the curvature of the lens do
determines the focusing of light on photoreceptors of retina

A + P II (31 decks)

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