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A + P II > VISION PT 1 > Flashcards

VISION PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how much of the eye is visible

A

anterior 1/6th of the eye

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2
Q

what is happening around the rest of the eye

A

enclosed by fat and the walls that cushion it

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3
Q

is the eye the most highly developed sensory organ

A

yes, 70% of all sensory receptors are in the eye

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4
Q

what happens when someone loses vision

A

develop more sensitivity in other senses

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5
Q

what are the accessory structure in the eye

A

eyebrows, eyelids (palpebrae), eyelashes, lacrimal carunale

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6
Q

what are the functions of eyebrows

A

shade eyes from sunlight and prevent perspiration from reaching eyes

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7
Q

what are eyelids supported by

A

internally by connective tissue sheets (tarsal plates)

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8
Q

what are the functions of eyelids

A

protect the eyes, prevent drying through blinking

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9
Q

what are the functions of eyelashes

A

projecting follicles that induce reflex blinking when touching

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10
Q

whats the lacrimal caruncle

A

fleshy elevation that contains sweat glands

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11
Q

whats the conjunctiva

A

Thin, transparent mucous membrane covering the inner eyelid and white part of eye

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12
Q

what does the conjunctiva produce

A

lubricating mucus to prevent eye from drying out

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13
Q

whats palpebral conjunctiva

A

lines inner eyelids

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14
Q

whats bulbular conjunctiva

A

covers only whites of eyes, not cornea

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15
Q

describe the appearance of bulbulalr conjunctiva

A

very thin and blood vessels are clearly visible underneath

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16
Q

what is the eyeball filled with

A

fluid (humors)

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17
Q

what are the three layers of the eye (outer to inner)

A

fibrous, vascular, inner (neural)

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18
Q

describe the fibrous layer

A

white part of eye; Sclera and cornea

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19
Q

describe the vascular layer

A

colored part of the eye; Choroid, ciliary body, and iris

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20
Q

describe the inner layer

A

neural layer; retina; contains photoreceptors

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21
Q

whats the scherla

A

posterior (white) portion of the eye

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22
Q

what does the scherla articulate with

A

dura mater of the brain
through the optic nerve

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23
Q

whats the cornea

A

anterior 1/6th and part of the eye thats most susceptible to damage

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24
Q

why does the cornea need to be protected from damage

A

because its important for focusing on things

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25
Q

what does the cornea have

A

pain receptors

26
Q

what does the vascular layer contain

A

choroid, ciliary body, iris

27
Q

whats the choroid

A

membrane forming posterior 5/6th; dark brown and blood vessel rich

28
Q

whats the ciliary body

A

ring covering the lens (posterior to pupil)

29
Q

what does the ciliary body contain

A

smooth (ciliary) muscle, which control shape of the lens

30
Q

what does the ciliary body have

A

ciliary processes: capillaries allowing for fluid to be moved into the eye

30
Q

what does the ciliary body have

A

ciliary processes: capillaries allowing for fluid to be moved into the eye

31
Q

whats the iris

A

visible colored part of the eye (between cornea/lens)

32
Q

what kind of muscle is the iris made of and how is it structured and why

A

Two smooth muscle layers surround pupil (allows light to enter the eye)

33
Q

what causes parasympathetic activation of the vascular layer

A

bright or close vision; boredom

34
Q

describe parasympathetic activation of the vascular layer

A

Ciliary and circular muscle contraction; lens sludge and pupils constrict

35
Q

what causes sympathetic activation of the vascular layer

A

Dim or distance vision; Interested, excited, fearful, concentrating

36
Q

describe sympathetic activation of the vascular layer

A

ciliary relaxation and muscle contraction; lens flatten and pupils dilate

37
Q

whats the difference between Parasympethic and sympathetic muscles in eye

A

PS stimulation causes circular muscles to active while sympathetic stimulation causes radial muscles to contract

38
Q

what does the retain consist of

A

2 layers; pigmented retina (outer) and neural layer (inner)

39
Q

what does the pigmented retina (outer) absorb

A

light

40
Q

what does the pigmented retina (outer) contain

A

phagocytes → remove dead photoreceptor cells

41
Q

what does the pigmented retina (outer) store

A

Vit A for photoreceptors

42
Q

what is the neural layer composed of

A

1) Photoreceptors
2) Bipolar cells
3) Ganglion cells

43
Q

what is electromagnetic radiation

A

all energy waves (spectrum)

44
Q

how does light travel

A

photons (condensed energy) in the form of waves; Speed is up to 300,000 km/s

45
Q

describe visible light spectrum wavelength

A

Wavelength = 400-700nm

46
Q

how does color work on light spectrum

A

each color bends to a different degree

47
Q

how is color seen

A

an object is reflecting those specific wavelengths (off of non transparent objects)

48
Q

how are black vs white seen

A

White reflects every wavelength
Black absorbs all wavelengths

49
Q

how are other colors seen

A

reflect the color you see and absorb the rest

50
Q

describe red vs violet wavelengths

A

red - the longest, but have the lowest energy
violet - shortest and has the most energy

51
Q

describe light speed

A

constant except when passing from
one transparent object to another with a different
density

52
Q

how would a less dense light medium change light speed

A

increase it

53
Q

how would a denser light medium change light speed

A

decrease it

54
Q

whats a refraction

A

change in speed of light

55
Q

whats the lens

A

transparent and curved at both ends

56
Q

what does the convex part of the lens do

A

bends light together at a focal point; More convex shorter distance to focal point

57
Q

differentiate between convex and concave

A

convex is thicker inn center and concave is thicker on edges

58
Q

what does concave part of lens do

A

bends light away from each other

59
Q

when is light bent

A

1) entering cornea
2) entering the lens
3) leaving the lens

60
Q

describe refractory power

A

Majority of refractory power is in cornea, but constant and can’t change focus

61
Q

what does the curvature of the lens do

A

determines the focusing of light on photoreceptors of retina

A + P II (31 decks)

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