LYMPH 2

Question 1

whats edema

Answer 1

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body’s tissues (interstitial spaces)

Question 2

where does edema effect the body

Answer 2

can affect any part of the body but is noticed more in your hands, arms, feet, ankles and legs

Question 3

what is edema often associated with

Answer 3

any disease that causes salt retention and expansion of the extracellular fluid volume (renal, cardiac, and hepatic disease)

Question 4

can edema occur without overall salt & water retention? why?

Answer 4

yes, because of microcirculatory alterations affecting Starling forces

Question 5

what are the four lymphoid cells

Answer 5

lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, reticular cells

Question 6

what are lymphocytes

Answer 6

main immune system warriors (T- and B- cells)
» Protect the body against antigens

Question 7

what are macrophages

Answer 7

Phagocytize foreign substances; Activate T cells

Question 8

what are dendritic cells

Answer 8

Capture, process, and present antigens to T cells for activation

Question 9

what are reticular cells

Answer 9

Produce reticular fiber network that supports other cells in lymphoid tissue

Question 10

what is lymphoid tissue composed of

Answer 10

reticular connective tissue (in thymus)

Question 11

what cells are constantly entering and leaving the lymphoid tissue

Answer 11

lymphocyes

Question 12

what does the lymphoid tissue house and provide

Answer 12

an activation/proliferation site for lymphocytes

Question 13

what does the lymphoid tissue do for immune cells

Answer 13

Gives a good surveillance vantage point

Question 14

what are the two types of lymphoid tissues

Answer 14

diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphoid follicles

Question 15

describe diffuse lymphoid tissue

Answer 15

loose arrangement of cells and fibers in almost all organs

Question 16

describe lymphoid follicles

Answer 16

solid, spheres of tightly packed lymphoid cells and fibers

Question 17

what are the two categories of lymphoid organs

Answer 17

primary organs and secondary organs

Question 18

what happens in primary organs

Answer 18

B and T cells mature; contains red bone marrow and thymus

Question 19

whats the red bone marrow

Answer 19

origination site for both cells; maturation site for B cells

Question 20

whats the thymus

Answer 20

maturation site for T cells

Question 21

what happens at secondary organs

Answer 21

where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated

Question 22

what are some examples of secondary organs

Answer 22

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches (small intestine), appendix

Question 23

what cleanses lymph

Answer 23

only lymph nodes

Question 24

what are the two basic functions of lymph nodes

Answer 24

cleanse lymph and immune system activation

Question 25

how do macrophages cleanse lymph

Answer 25

Macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and harmful debris, so they are not transferred back into the bloodstream/body

Question 26

how do lymph nodes work to activate the immune system

Answer 26

Strategically located sites where dendritic cells bring back antigens to activate T cells

Question 27

describe the structure of lymph nodes

Answer 27

bean shaped and less than 1in long; Surrounded by connective tissue capsule that extends inwards; cortex, medulla, lymph sinuses

Question 28

describe cortex of lymph nodes

Answer 28

superficial, densely packed region - Contains dividing B cells, dendritic cells, and transient T cells

Question 29

describe medulla of lymph nodes

Answer 29

inner region containing T and B cells

Question 30

describe lymph sinuses of lymph nodes

Answer 30

large lymphatic capillaries containing macrophages for lymph filtering

Question 31

what does the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) protect

Answer 31

protects passages that are open to the exterior; includes tonsils, appendix, Peyer's patches

Question 32

what do tonsils do

Answer 32

remove pathogens that enter through food or air

Question 33

whats the largest lymph organ in body

Answer 33

spleen

Question 34

whats the spleen the site for

Answer 34

lymphocyte proliferation

Question 35

what does the spleen do for blood

Answer 35

filters blood and gets rid of old, defective RBCs and platelets

Question 36

what does spleen do for RBC products

Answer 36

recycles for future use

Question 37

what does spleen release

Answer 37

break down products to blood for processing by liver

Question 38

what does spleen store

Answer 38

some iron from hemoglobin and platelets and monocytes until needed

Question 39

what are the two sections of the spleen

Answer 39

red pulp and white pulp

Question 40

what happens at the white pulp

Answer 40

immune function takes pace

Question 41

what happens at the red pulp

Answer 41

blood filtering takes place

Question 42

when does thymus function

Answer 42

primarily early in life; atrophy at puberty

Question 43

what happens at the thymus

Answer 43

T-cells mature

Question 44

what is the thymus gradually infiltrated with

Answer 44

adipose tissue

Question 45

what do epithelial cells of the thymus secrete

Answer 45

thymosin and thymopoietin

Question 46

whats thymosin

Answer 46

stimulates T cell development

Question 47

whats thymopoietin

Answer 47

indues proliferation of lymphocyte precursors and differentiation into T cells