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A + P II > LYMPH 2 > Flashcards

LYMPH 2 Flashcards

1
Q

whats edema

A

Swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in body’s tissues (interstitial spaces)

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2
Q

where does edema effect the body

A

can affect any part of the body but is noticed more in your hands, arms, feet, ankles and legs

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3
Q

what is edema often associated with

A

any disease that causes salt retention and expansion of the extracellular fluid volume (renal, cardiac, and hepatic disease)

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4
Q

can edema occur without overall salt & water retention? why?

A

yes, because of microcirculatory alterations affecting Starling forces

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5
Q

what are the four lymphoid cells

A

lymphocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, reticular cells

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6
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

main immune system warriors (T- and B- cells)
» Protect the body against antigens

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7
Q

what are macrophages

A

Phagocytize foreign substances; Activate T cells

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8
Q

what are dendritic cells

A

Capture, process, and present antigens to T cells for activation

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9
Q

what are reticular cells

A

Produce reticular fiber network that supports other cells in lymphoid tissue

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10
Q

what is lymphoid tissue composed of

A

reticular connective tissue (in thymus)

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11
Q

what cells are constantly entering and leaving the lymphoid tissue

A

lymphocyes

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12
Q

what does the lymphoid tissue house and provide

A

an activation/proliferation site for lymphocytes

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13
Q

what does the lymphoid tissue do for immune cells

A

Gives a good surveillance vantage point

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14
Q

what are the two types of lymphoid tissues

A

diffuse lymphoid tissues and lymphoid follicles

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15
Q

describe diffuse lymphoid tissue

A

loose arrangement of cells and fibers in almost all organs

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16
Q

describe lymphoid follicles

A

solid, spheres of tightly packed lymphoid cells and fibers

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17
Q

what are the two categories of lymphoid organs

A

primary organs and secondary organs

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18
Q

what happens in primary organs

A

B and T cells mature; contains red bone marrow and thymus

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19
Q

whats the red bone marrow

A

origination site for both cells; maturation site for B cells

20
Q

whats the thymus

A

maturation site for T cells

21
Q

what happens at secondary organs

A

where lymphocytes encounter antigens and are activated

22
Q

what are some examples of secondary organs

A

Lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches (small intestine), appendix

23
Q

what cleanses lymph

A

only lymph nodes

24
Q

what are the two basic functions of lymph nodes

A

cleanse lymph and immune system activation

25
Q

how do macrophages cleanse lymph

A

Macrophages remove and destroy microorganisms and harmful debris, so they are not transferred back into the bloodstream/body

26
Q

how do lymph nodes work to activate the immune system

A

Strategically located sites where dendritic cells bring back antigens to activate T cells

27
Q

describe the structure of lymph nodes

A

bean shaped and less than 1in long; Surrounded by connective tissue capsule that extends inwards; cortex, medulla, lymph sinuses

28
Q

describe cortex of lymph nodes

A

superficial, densely packed region
- Contains dividing B cells, dendritic cells, and transient T cells

29
Q

describe medulla of lymph nodes

A

inner region containing T and B cells

30
Q

describe lymph sinuses of lymph nodes

A

large lymphatic capillaries containing macrophages for lymph filtering

31
Q

what does the Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) protect

A

protects passages that are open to the exterior; includes tonsils, appendix, Peyer’s patches

32
Q

what do tonsils do

A

remove pathogens that enter through food or air

33
Q

whats the largest lymph organ in body

A

spleen

34
Q

whats the spleen the site for

A

lymphocyte proliferation

35
Q

what does the spleen do for blood

A

filters blood and gets rid of old, defective RBCs and platelets

36
Q

what does spleen do for RBC products

A

recycles for future use

37
Q

what does spleen release

A

break down products to blood for processing by liver

38
Q

what does spleen store

A

some iron from hemoglobin and platelets and monocytes until needed

39
Q

what are the two sections of the spleen

A

red pulp and white pulp

40
Q

what happens at the white pulp

A

immune function takes pace

41
Q

what happens at the red pulp

A

blood filtering takes place

42
Q

when does thymus function

A

primarily early in life; atrophy at puberty

43
Q

what happens at the thymus

A

T-cells mature

44
Q

what is the thymus gradually infiltrated with

A

adipose tissue

45
Q

what do epithelial cells of the thymus secrete

A

thymosin and thymopoietin

46
Q

whats thymosin

A

stimulates T cell development

47
Q

whats thymopoietin

A

indues proliferation of lymphocyte precursors and differentiation into T cells

A + P II (31 decks)

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