BODY FLUID + ELECTROLYTE BALANCE 1

Question 1

why do men have more water than women

Answer 1

men have more water bc more muscle mass + women carry more fat

Question 2

order the following tissues From most to least hydrated: skeletal muscle > bone > adipose

Answer 2

Skeletal muscle > bone > adipose

Question 2

what are the two compartments of total body fluid

Answer 2

Intracellular fluid (ICF)
Extracellular fluid (ECF)

Question 3

what makes up intracellular fluid (ICF)

Answer 3

2/3rd water volume; 40% of body weight

Question 4

what makes up ECF

Answer 4

Consists of plasma and interstitial fluid (IF)
- 1/3rd water volume

Question 5

whats interstitial fluid

Answer 5

fluid around cells; 80% of ECF

Question 6

whats plasma

Answer 6

20% of ECF

Question 7

what are electrolytes

Answer 7

Dissociate into ions in solution; can conduct electricity

Question 8

do electrolytes have Greater ability to change osmolarity than nonelectrolytes

Answer 8

yes

Question 9

what does increased osmolarity indicate

Answer 9

increased solutes

Question 10

are electrolytes polar

Answer 10

yes

Question 11

what are examples of electrolytes

Answer 11

inorganic salts (NaCl), acids and bases, some proteins

Question 12

what are nonelectrolytes

Answer 12

Do not dissociate in solution; cannot conduct electricity

Question 13

are non electrolytes polar or nonpolar

Answer 13

nonpolar

Question 14

what are somme examples of nonelectrolytes

Answer 14

glucose, lipids, creatine, urea

Question 15

what are the primary cation and anion in ECF

Answer 15

 Na+ is the primary cation
 Cl- is the primary anion

Question 16

what are the primary cation and anion in ICF

Answer 16

 K+ is the primary cation
 Hydrogen phosphate (HPO42-)
is the primary anion

Question 17

what does ICF contain in addition to the K+ and hydrogen phosphate?

Answer 17

many proteins

Question 18

what are some examples of water losses

Answer 18

insensible water loss, sweat, fecal losses, urine

Question 19

what are some examples of water intake

Answer 19

fluid intake, water from food, metabolic water

Question 20

what must be maintained for water balance regulation

Answer 20

Must maintain ECF osmolality concentration

Question 21

what happens when there’s an increase in plasma osmoality

Answer 21

→ Triggers thirst → drink fluids
→ Release of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) → kidneys reabsorb water

Question 22

what happens when there’s a decrease in plasma osmolality

Answer 22

→ Inhibits thirst
→ Inhibits ADH → large outputs of dilute urine

Question 23

what happens to cells in hypo-osmolality

Answer 23

swollen and ruptured

Question 24

what happens to cells in hyper-osmolality

Answer 24

dried out and shrunken

Question 25

what happens to cells in iso-osmolality

Answer 25

happy

Question 26

when we’re deprived of water, our plasma osmolarity goes up, which stimulates our osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus. what does this result in

Answer 26

increase in thrist
and ADH secretion from posterior pituairty

Question 27

what happens after ADH is secreted

Answer 27

increase in H2O permeability in distantl tubule and collecting duct, which results in ann increase in water reabsoprtionm and increase in urine osmolarity and decrease in urine volumme

Question 28

when we have too much water, our plasma osmolarity goes down, which inhibits our osmoreceptors in the anterior hypothalamus. what does this result in

Answer 28

decrease in thrist and decrease in ADH which does the opposite of what was said before

Question 29

what is thirst regulated by

Answer 29

hypothalamic thirst center

Question 30

what is the hypothalamic thrist center activated by

Answer 30

osmmoreceptors, dry mouth and decreased blood volume

Question 31

what do osmoreceptors detect and how

Answer 31

detect ECF osmolality
 Gain or loss of water causes plasma membrane stretch

Question 32

what does dry out do to osmotic pressure

Answer 32

Increased osmotic pressure leads to less saliva production

Question 33

what is decreased blood volume or pressure detected by

Answer 33

baroreceptors

Question 34

when is the thirst center inhibited

Answer 34

prematurely; before fully hydrated

Question 35

whats insensible water loss

Answer 35

unavoidable water loss in skin and lungs

Question 36

whats sensible water loss

Answer 36

(urine)
 Minimum urine output: 500ml/day
 Necessary to flush end products of metabolism

Question 37

whats urine output beyond necessity determined by

Answer 37

fluid intake, diet, and other water loss