ENERGY 1

Question 1

whats the amount of heat energy needed to raise 1kg of water by 1°C

Answer 1

1kcal

Question 2

what are the neural signals of energy /food input mediated by

Answer 2

meditated by vagus nerve

Question 3

what some examples of neural signals of energy / food input

Answer 3

» Distension activates stretch receptors
» Chemical stimuli (partially digested proteins, caffeine, and rising pH)

Question 4

what are nutrient signals of energy / food input mediated by

Answer 4

Mediated by blood levels of nutrients (glucose, amino acids, fatty acids)

Question 5

what hormones inhibit hunger / induce satiety (short term regulation)

Answer 5

CCK and insulin

Question 6

what hormones induce hunger (short term regulation)

Answer 6

gherkin, glucagon

Question 7

whats leptin (hormone involved in long term regulation)

Answer 7

Hormone secreted by adipose cells in response to an increase in fat mass / total energy stores

Question 8

what do rising levels of leptin suppress

Answer 8

release of neuropeptide Y (hypothalamic neurotransmitter that enhances appetite)

Question 9

wat do rising levels of leptin stimulate

Answer 9

the expression of appetite suppressants

Question 10

describe levels of leptin in obese people

Answer 10

higher

Question 11

what does leptin protect against during times of nutritional depravation

Answer 11

weight loss

Question 12

how much of energy is lost as heat

Answer 12

75%

Question 13

are energy conversions inefficient

Answer 13

yes

Question 14

what are some examples of things that result in energy lost as heat

Answer 14

» Formation and cleavage of ATP bonds for work
» Muscle contraction
» Friction from blood flow

Question 15

why is the inefficient of energy conversion good

Answer 15

because it allows us to stay in homeostasis, which allows for cellular heat warms tissues and blood and keeps body temperature steady

Question 16

what are the component of total metabolic rate

Answer 16

basal metabolic rate, physical activity, thermal effect of food

Question 17

what is total metabolic rate

Answer 17

Total amount of heat produced by all chemical reactions and mechanical work of the body (both anabolic and catabolic)

Question 18

whats the basal metabolic rate

Answer 18

“Energy cost of living”; energy body needs for most essential activities

Question 19

is body surface area important for basal metabolic rate

Answer 19

yes

Question 20

what impacts basal metabolic rate

Answer 20

age, gender, body temp, stress, thyroxine

Question 21

how does thyroxine impact basal metabolic rate

Answer 21

hyperthyrodism = lose weight easily; hypothryodism = gain weight easily

Question 22

what do E and Ne stimulat

Answer 22

fat catabolism