BLOOD TYPE 1

Question 1

whats hemostasis

Answer 1

Series of reactions resulting in the stoppage of bleeding after a break in a blood vessel wall

Question 2

what are the three stages of hemostasis

Answer 2

1) Vascular spasm
2) Platelet plug formation
3) Coagulation

Question 3

whats vascular spasm

Answer 3

initiated by the loss of blood/smooth muscle injury/pain receptors and leads to vasoconstriction; protective process to stop blood flow; smooth muscle contracts and stops blood flow

Question 4

how long does vascular spasm last and what does it allow for

Answer 4

» Attenuates blood loss for ~20-30 minutes
» Allows time for next two steps

Question 5

what do intake endothelial cells release to keep platelets from aggregating

Answer 5

nitric oxide and prostacyclin (normal condition)

Question 6

how do platelet plugs form

Answer 6

injury of lining to vessel exposes collagen fibers (so platelets adhere) and platelets release chemicals that make nearby platelets sticky so platelet plug forms

Question 7

so what happens when damaged endothelium exposes underlying connective tissue?

Answer 7

Platelets adhere to collagen fibers (become activated)
- Swell, form spiked processes, become stickier

Question 8

what chemicals do platelets release and what do they do

Answer 8

Release ADP, Serotonin, and Thromboxane A2 → enhance platelet aggregation (positive
feedback mechanism)

Question 9

is primary hemostasis enough to fix most wear and tear

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

whats coagulation/blood clotting needed for

Answer 10

larger breaks

Question 11

what are clotting factors

Answer 11

plasma proteins which are inactive until mobilized and form collagen fiber and fibrin

Question 12

what results in the blood clot (fibrin mesh)

Answer 12

Platelet plug reinforced with fibrin threads (“glue” for the platelets)

Question 13

what happens to blood when fibrin threads are formed

Answer 13

Blood turns from liquid to gel

Question 14

whats primary hemostasis

Answer 14

formation of a primary platelet plug
» Plugs small injuries especially in microvessels (< 100 μm) in mucosal tissues

platelet adhesion and aggregation and platelet plug formation

Question 15

whats secondary hemostasis

Answer 15

formation of insoluble, cross-linked fibrin by activated clotting factors, specifically thrombin

coagulation and platelet plug stabilization

Question 16

what does fibrin stabilize in secondary hemostasis

Answer 16

the primary platelet plug, particularly in larger blood vessels where the platelet plug is insufficient alone to stop hemorrhage

Question 17

whats thrombus

Answer 17

Clot in an unbroken blood vessel
- Can be deadly in areas such as heart

Question 18

what does corornay thrombosis lead to

Answer 18

heart attack

Question 19

whats embolus

Answer 19

A thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in blood stream
- Potential to clog vessels in critical areas (eg. pulmonary embolism)

Question 20

what are some causes of thromboemlic disorders

Answer 20

burns, physical blows, fatty material, slow blood flow

Question 21

what are examples of anticoagulant drugs that block the clotting process

Answer 21

aspirin, heparin, warfarin