INTEGUMENTARY 2

Question 1

whats the papillary layer made of

Answer 1

areolar connective tissue
 Loose interlacing of elastin and collagen

Question 2

what does the loose interlacing of elastin and collagen allow for

Answer 2

phagocytes to move freely

Question 3

how are dermal papillae made

Answer 3

Superior surface indents into the epidermis

Question 4

what does the papillary layer house

Answer 4

capillaries, nerve endings, and touch receptors

Question 5

what do dermal ridges contribute to

Answer 5

Enhance friction for grip
 Sweat pores on ridge peaks responsible for fingerprints

Question 6

what does dermis layer provide

Answer 6

supporting strength + withstands tension

Question 7

whats melanin

Answer 7

skin color that shields from UV light and has two forms (reddish yellow to brownish black)

Question 8

how does sun exposure relate to DNA damage and melanin

Answer 8

Sun exposure → DNA damage
» ↑DNA repair → ↑melanin synthesis (tanning)

Question 9

what three things does excessive sun exposure cause

Answer 9

lumping of elastic fibers (leathery skin), depressed immune system and altered DNA of skin cells (i.e. skin cancer)

Question 10

whats carotene

Answer 10

yellow/orange pigment found in plant products; tends to accumulate in stratum corneum and in fatty tissue of hypodermis

Question 11

what does hemoglobin cause

Answer 11

causes pinkish hue of fair skin

Question 12

what are eccrine / merocrine glands

Answer 12

everywhere; abundant in palms, soles of feet, and forehead

Question 13

what are apocrine / merocrine glands

Answer 13

found in axillary and genital areas

Question 14

what does sweat from apocrine glands contain

Answer 14

fatty substances and proteins » Gives yellowish color

Question 15

what results in body odor

Answer 15

Bacteria in apocrine sweat decompose substances → body odor

Question 16

describe sweat in 4 ways (whats it made of, acidity, what it kills, 2 things it contains)

Answer 16

99% water
 Acidic (pH 4 – 6)
 Dermcidin (kills bacteria)
 Contains some salts and wastes

Question 17

what are sebaceous glands and where are they found

Answer 17

“Oil glands”
 Found everywhere except palms and soles
 Small on trunk and limbs; large on face, neck, upper chest

Question 18

what are holocrine glands

Answer 18

type of sebaceous glands that secrete sebum into hair follicle

Question 19

what does sebum do

Answer 19

Softens skin and hair
» Slows water loss
» Bactericidal

Question 20

how is sebum presented

Answer 20

cell erupts, so sebum + cell fragments are present

Question 21

what are the functions of skin

Answer 21

Protection
» Body temperature regulation
» Cutaneous sensation
» Metabolic function
» Blood reservoir
» Excretion

Question 22

what are three types of chem barrier

Answer 22

Acid mantle, Dermcidin, Melanin

Question 23

describe acid mantle

Answer 23

low pH secretions hinder bacterial growth

Question 24

describe dermcidin

Answer 24

in sweat; kills bacteria

Question 25

describe melanin

Answer 25

UV radiation

Question 26

what are two physical barriers

Answer 26

Stratum corneum, Water resistance

Question 27

describe stratum cornea

Answer 27

multiple layers of closely packed, dead, flat cells

Question 28

describe water resistance

Answer 28

glycolipids surrounding cells

Question 29

describe biological barriers

Answer 29

 Dendritic cells engulf foreign substances
» Present to immune cells to trigger immune response
 Dermal macrophages handle viruses and bacteria that penetrate epidermis

Question 30

describe hot temperature regulation

Answer 30

 Cutaneous blood vessel vasodilation
 Sweat (evaporation)

Question 31

describe cold temp regulation

Answer 31

Cutaneous blood vessel vasoconstriction

Question 32

describe the excretion function of skin

Answer 32

Sweat: limited amounts of nitrogen-containing wastes ammonia, uric acid)

Question 33

describe the blood resvoier function of skin

Answer 33

Hold up to 5% of blood volume

Question 34

what does skin do to collagenase

Answer 34

synthesize it

Question 35

what does skin do to steroid hormones

Answer 35

activate

Question 36

what does skin do to cholesterol molecules

Answer 36

to vitamin D precursors from sunlight (which is why we need 10-15 min sunlight a day)

Question 37

extra question weird song???

Answer 37

wear sunscreen