Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A + P II > IMMUNE 1 > Flashcards

IMMUNE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

whats unique about the immune system?

A

it’s a functional system, not organ system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the immune system made up of

A

two intrinsic defense systems that act independently and cooperatively to provide resistance to disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what makes up the innate defense system (nonspecific)?

A

first line - external membranes (skin/mucosa)
second line - internal defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

when do internal defense start attacking

A

when 1st line has been penetrated and adaptive
systems are intertwined

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are examples of internal defenses

A

WBCs, phagocytes, natural killer cells, inflammation, antiomicorbial proteins, fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

how long does it take innate defense system to respond

A

minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the adaptive/specific defense system

A

3rd line of defense; attacks foreign substances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

why does it take longer to activate adaptive/specific defense system

A

because proteins must be released during an innate response alerts cells of the adaptive system about the presence of a foreign substance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what are the different sections that the first line of defense surface barriers hold

A

skin (kernatinzed epithelial membrane), Mucous membranes (lines all body cavities), membrane secretions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

why is the body broken into many different cavities

A

to improve defenses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is skin resistant to

A

most weak acids and bases and toxins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what do the surface barriers serve as and secrete

A

serve as physical barriers; secrete protective chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the four protective chemicals secreted by surface barriers

A

acid, lysozomes, mucins, defensins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

where does the acid come from

A

skin, vaginal and stomach secretions; Inhibits bacterial growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

where do lysozomes come from

A

in saliva, respiratory mucus, eye lacrimal fluid
Enzymes destroy bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

where does mucin come from

A

in digestive and respiratory mucus
Traps microorganisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are defensins

A

antimicrobial peptides secreted from skin and mucous membranes
» Help control bacterial and fungal growth in exposed areas

18
Q

what do little cuts elicit and enable

A

internal innate responses

19
Q

what makes up the second line of innate defense

A

 Phagocytes (macrophages and neutrophils)
 Natural killer cells
 Inflammatory response
 Antimicrobial proteins
 Fever

20
Q

what are phagocytes - macrophages and neutrophils - derived from

A

white blood cells

21
Q

what does the second line of internal defenses do

A

Kill pathogens and repair tissue

22
Q

what do macrophages do

A

leave bloodstream in search of foreign substances

23
Q

what do macrophages come from

A

monocytes that differentiated into them

24
Q

what are neutrophils

A

type of WBC that becomes phagocytic after encountering foreign substances

25
Q

what are three methods of pathogen destruction

A

Simple digestion by lysosomal enzymes (phagolysosome)
Respiratory burst: free radicals released to kill cells
Pierce pathogen membrane with defensins

26
Q

what are natural killer cells

A

Defensive cells located in blood and lymph

27
Q

what do natural killer cells kill

A

Can kill cancer and virus-infected cells before
the adaptive immune system is activated

28
Q

how do natural killer cells kill

A

by inducing apoptosis in infected target cell

29
Q

how do natural killer cells eliminate cancerous/infected cells

A

by detecting lack of “self” cell-surface receptors

30
Q

what do natural killer cells secrete

A

chemicals that enhance the inflammatory response

31
Q

whats the inflammatory response triggered by

A

any tissue injury

32
Q

what does the inflammatory response prevent

A

the spread of damaging agents to nearby tissues

33
Q

what does the inflammatory response dispose of

A

cell debris and pathogens

34
Q

what does the inflammatory response alert

A

adaptive immune system and sets the stage for repair

35
Q

what are the four cardinal signs of inflammatory response

A

redness, heat, swelling, pain

36
Q

whats sometimes considered the fifth sign of inflammatory response

A

Impairment of function which may hinder joint movement

37
Q

what do injured, stressed, and immune cells release

A

inflammatory chemicals: Cytokines, histamine, kinins, prostaglandins, leukotrienes and complement (group of plasma proteins)

38
Q

what do inflammatory chemicals dilate

A

local arterioles

39
Q

what do inflammatory chemicals release

A

capillary permeability

40
Q

what do inflammatory chemicals attract

A

phagocytes

A + P II (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions