Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A + P II > HEARING PT 1 > Flashcards

HEARING PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three major parts of the ear

A

inner, external, middle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

differentiate between external/middle and inner

A

external and middle are only involved with hearing and inner is involved in hearing and equilibrium (balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the two structures of the external ear

A

auricle and external acoustic meatus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

describe the auricle

A

pinna; shell-like projection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are the three sections of the auricle

A

 Helix (rim)
 Lobule (earlobe)
 Funnel sounds waves into auditory canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

describe the external acoustic meatus

A

auditory canal; short tube extending from auricle to eardrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

whats the external acoustic meatus lined with

A

hairs, sebaceous glands, and modified sweat glands (secrete ear wax)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

whats the tympanic membrane

A

eardrum; boundary between outer and middle ear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what does the tympanic membrane look like

A

Thin, translucent, connective tissue membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what makes the tympanic membrane vibrate

A

sound waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what does the tympanic membrane transfer

A

sound energy to tiny bones of middle ear
→ sets them vibrating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the middle ear range from

A

eardrum to vestibular window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what are the three ossicles in the middle ear

A

malleus, incus, stapes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what do the malleus, incus, stapes transmit

A

vibration of eardrum to oval window

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what happens after oval window is vibrated

A

Sets inner ear fluid in motion → Excites hearing receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

describe shape and location of internal ear

A

Complicated shape (i.e. labyrinth); Lies deep in temporal bone, behind eye socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are the two division of the internal ear

A

bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

whats the bony labyrinth

A

bony walls that give internal ear cavity-like form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

whats the membranous labyrinth

A

membranous sacs/ducts in the bony labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what fluids do the membranous and bony labyrinth contain

A

perilymph (bony) and endolymph (membranous)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what do perilymph and endolymph conduct and respond to

A

conduct sound vibrations for hearing & respond to mechanical forces from body position changes and acceleration

22
Q

what are the three regions of the internal ear

A

vestibule, semicircular canals, and cochlea

23
Q

whats the shape of the vestibule

A

central egg-shaped cavity

24
Q

what does the vestibule contain

A

saccule (extends to cochlea) and utricle (extends to semicircular canals)

25
Q

what receptors does the vestibule house

A

equilibrium receptors: respond to gravity pull and head position changes

26
Q

what are the semicircular canals

A

anterior, posterior, and lateral canals

27
Q

what duct do the semicircular canals contain

A

semicircular duct (communicates with utricle)

28
Q

what receptors do the semicircular canals house

A

equilibrium receptors in ampulla (swelling): respond to rotational head movement

29
Q

what does the cochlea extend from, contain, and what receptors does it house

A

 Extends from vestibule
 Contains cochlear duct
 Houses receptor organ (spiral organ) for hearing

30
Q

what are the three chambers of the cochlea

A

1) Scala vestibuli 2) Scala media
(cochlear duct) 3) Scala tympani

31
Q

what does each chamber contain

A

scala vestibuli (perilymph), scala media (enodymph) scala tympani (perilymph)

32
Q

what are the other two structures in cochlea

A

spiral organ and basilar membrane

33
Q

describe sound

A

pressure disturbance (alternating areas of high and low pressure) produced by a vibrating object and propagated by molecules of a medium (air)

34
Q

describe hearing

A

reception of an air sound wave that is converted to a fluid wave that ultimately stimulates mechanosensitive cochlear hair cells that send impulses to the brain for interpretation

35
Q

what are sound waves created from

A

Alternating areas of high- (compressions) and low- (rarefactions) pressures

36
Q

how does kinetic energy work with sound waves

A

transferred to air molecules, which then transfer it to other air molecules
 Wave energy declines with time and distance

37
Q

whats frequency

A

pitch; number of waves that pass a point in a given time

38
Q

whats amplitude

A

intensity/volume; height of wave

39
Q

whats wavelength

A

distance bw two consecutive crests

40
Q

how are wavelength and frequency related

A

Shorter wavelength → Higher frequency

41
Q

where does sound enter

A

external acoustic meatus

42
Q

what happens after sound enters external acoustic meatus

A

Strikes tympanic membrane
 Vibrates at same frequency as sound

43
Q

what happens after sound strikes tympanic membrane

A

Vibration transferred to auditory ossicles and amplify vibration

44
Q

what happens after vibration is amplified from stapes

A

Stapes hits oval window, which Vibrates perilymph in bony labyrinth

45
Q

what is the sound we can hear transmitted through

A

transmitted through cochlear duct to scala tympani

46
Q

what happens after sound is transmitted to scala tympani

A

Vibrates basilar membrane
→ Activates hair cells
→ Action potential sent to brain

47
Q

when do Basilar membrane characteristics changes

A

across length of basilar membrane

48
Q

what do sounds at audible frequencies do to basilar membrane

A

vibrate it

49
Q

what happens to sound below audible frequencies

A

sound returned

50
Q

does Location of basilar membrane vibration and hair cell activation corresponds to specific frequency

A

yes

A + P II (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions