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A + P II > IMMUNE 3 > Flashcards

IMMUNE 3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are antigenic determinants

A

specific part of antigen thats immunogenic where free antibodies or lymphocyte receptor binds

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2
Q

how many antigenic determents do most antigens have

A

hundreds; plastics have few determinants

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3
Q

what does the vast amount of antigenic determinants result in single antigens doing

A

Single antigen may mobilize several lymphocyte populations and/or stimulate production of many kinds of antibodies

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4
Q

what are major histocompatibility proteins, MHCs?

A

self-antigens that dot the external surface of all cells

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5
Q

what happens with MHCs in other individuals?

A

Strongly antigenic in other individuals (transfusion reactions, graph or organ rejection)

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6
Q

who are the key players in adaptive defense

A

lymphocytes - T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes and antigen-presenting cells

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7
Q

what are T lymphs part of

A

cellular immunity; attack infected cells

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8
Q

what are B lymphs part of

A

humoral immunity; antibodies

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9
Q

what does immunocompetent mean

A

recognize one specific antigen

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10
Q

what does self-tolerant mean

A

recognize self-antigens and don’t attack

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11
Q

what are antigen-presenting cells and what do they do

A

Macrophages, dendritic cells
- Engulf antigens, present antigen fragments on their cell surface as signals for T cells

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12
Q

what are the primary targets of B cells

A

extracellular pathogens, like bacteria, fungi, parasites, some viruses in extracellular fluid

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13
Q

what are the primary targets of T cells

A

intracellular pathogens (virus-infected cells) and cancer cells

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14
Q

where do both t and B cells originate

A

red bone marrow

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15
Q

where do t and B cells mature

A

b = red bone marrow
t = thymus

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16
Q

what are B cell effector cells

A

plasma cells

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17
Q

what are T cell effector cells

A

cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, regulatory t cells

18
Q

do both t and B cells create memory cells

A

yes

19
Q

what are T cells activated by

A

antigen presenting cells (APCs)

20
Q

how are T cells activated by APCs

A

T cell antigen receptors bind antigen-MHC complex ad to co-stimulatory signals on APC surface

21
Q

whats the primary response of T cells to APCs

A

T cells proliferate into either helper T cells, cytotoxic T cells, or regulatory t cells

22
Q

what are helper t cells

A

activate B cells, amplify innate defenses

23
Q

what are cytotoxic T cells

A

directly attack/kill other cells

24
Q

what are regulatory T cels

A

dampen immune response n areas where you dont want T cells seeking and destroying (prevent autoimmune reaction)

25
Q

when does the primary T cell response peak

A

in a week

26
Q

whats the secondary T cell response

A

memory cells;some t cells become memory cells; stay
inn system afer pathogen, so if pathogen comes back,
you can lead an attack against pathogen much quicker

27
Q

what is activated in humoral immunity

A

native, immunocompetent B cells

28
Q

how are B cells activated

A

Matching antigen binds to surface receptors

29
Q

whats the primary response of B cells

A

B cells proliferate into plasma cells (effector B cells)

30
Q

what do plasma cells / effector B cells secrete

A

large number of antibodies

31
Q

whats the lag time from antigen challenge

A

3-6 days

32
Q

when do B cell antibody levels peak

A

in 10 days

33
Q

whats the secondary response of B cells

A

» Memory cells: long lived cells that can mount a response in the future
» Subsequent exposure leads to faster response
» Antibody levels peak in 2 – 3 days

34
Q

how does the antigen/antibody complex inactivate invaders

A

neutralization, agglutination (cell-bound antigens), and precipitation (soluble antigens)

35
Q

what do neutralization, agglutination (cell-bound antigens), and precipitation (soluble antigens) enhance

A

phagocytosis

36
Q

what do precipitation (soluble antigens) enhance

A

inflammation

37
Q

what does the antigen-anntiboody complex trigger

A

complement activation, which enhances inflammation and leads to cell lysis

38
Q

what are two examples of active humoral immunity

A

naturally acquired; artificially acquired (vaccine)

39
Q

what are two examples of passive humoral immunity

A

naturally acquired (mother passed to fetus via placenta or milk); artificially acquired (injection of exogenous antibodies)

40
Q

describe B cells in active humoral immunity

A

encounter antigen and produce antibodies

41
Q

describe B cells in passive humoral immunity

A

ready-made antibodies introduced to the body

A + P II (31 decks)

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