BLOOD PT 2 Flashcards
what does low blood O2 stimulate
kidneys to secrete hormone erythropoietin
what does hormone erythropoietin stimulate
erythropoiesis in red bone marrow
what are two major RBC producers until age 25
tibia and femur
what are three major RBC producers throughout life
Vertebrae, sternum, pelvis, ribs, cranial bones
what happens after erythropoiesis
Erythrocytes enter bloodstream
what happens to aged/damaged RBCs
engulfed by macrophages (in spleen, liver, bone marrow)
→ Raw materials made available for erythropoiesis
describe the process of erthyropoesis regulation
stimulated by hypoxia (inadequate O2 delivery due to either low RBC count hemoglobin or availability or O2), so the kidney (and liver a bit) release erythropoietin, which stimulates red bone marrow, which results in enhanced eryhtropoesis increasing RBC count, and results in the increase of the blood to be able to carry O2
whats anemia
Abnormally low oxygen-carrying capacity
what does low RBC count suggest about anemia
hemorrhagic, hemolytic,
pernicious (low Vit B-12), aplastic
what does low hemoglobin suggest about anemia
iron-deficiency
what does abnormal hemoglobin suggest about anemia
thalassemias, sickle- cell anemia
what’s Polycythemia
Abnormal excess of erythrocytes
whats thalassemia
Body makes abnormal form or
inadequate amount of hemoglobin; inherited blood disorder; may require regular blood transfusions if servere
describe erthycoytes in thalassemia
thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin
what does thalassemia cause
fatigue, weakness, facial bone deformities, slow growth, abdominal swelling, darkened urine
whats sickle-cell anemia
Inherited form of anemia
- Mutation in hemoglobin (single glutamine to valine!) causes abnormal RBC production
what is wrong with the RBCs in sickle-cell anemia
Inadequate number of healthy RBCs to carry oxygen through the body; abnormal sickle shape prevents RBCs from traveling to small capillaries + poor O2 carrying capacity
what are the symptoms of sickle cell anemia
anemia, episodes of pain, painful swelling of hands and feet, frequent infections, delayed growth and vision problems
what are two things that are unique about leukocytes/white blood cells
Less than 1% of total blood volume
Only complete cells in blood
whats the basic description/function of WBCs
immune function; may leave blood to serve as anti-inflammatory agents
what are the two categories of WBCs
granulocytes and agranulocytes
what do granultytes contain and what are three examples
contain granules; neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils
what are neutrophils + what do they ingest
“bacteria slayers”
- Active phagocytes: ingest bacteria and some fungi
what are eosinophils + what do they release
lead counterattack on parasitic worms
Release enzymes from granules onto parasite surface
