BLOOD TYPE 2 Flashcards
whats thrombocytopenia
platelet deficiency; Evidenced by petechia (purplish skin blotches)
what does thrombocytopenia result from
Results from bone marrow suppression (cancer, radiation drugs, autoimmune condition, bacteria)
whats hemophilia
Hereditary bleeding disorder; Missing normal clotting factors
describe liver problems in relation to bleeding disorders
Liver can’t synthesize clotting factors
Due to cirrhosis, hepatitis, or low vit K stores
what are blood groups determined by
highly specific glycoproteins (antigens) on RBC plasma membrane
what can happen if rbc antigens are transfused into another
»Promotes agglutination (clumping
together)
»Triggers leukocyte defense response
how many RBC antigen groups cause problems when wrongly transfused
2 groups cause severe reactions when
improperly transfused (ABO & Rh)
whats ABO blood type dependent on
presence or absence of two agglutinogens: type A and type B
what the most common and least common blood types
most common is O and least common is AB
what do A, B, O groups produce
preformed antibodies (agglutinin) to fight off RBCs carrying antigens not present in own RBCs
differentiate between Rh+ and Rh-
Rh+: carrying D antigen (85% of Americans)
Rh-: not carrying D antigen
are there preformed antibodies against Rh antigens in blood
no, Antibodies form in Rh- person after receiving Rh+ blood
!! Transfusion reaction occurs after 2nd transfusion
when does agglutination occur
when plasma agglutinin (antibody) and RBC agglutinogen (antigen) match; when foreign substance enters
what role do antibody arms play in agglutination
can bind to more than one RBC surface → Forms clumps of RBCs (one antibody is grabbing multiple RBCs, which causes them to clump together)
what role do RBC clumps play in agglutination
block small blood vessels throughout the body → Deprive tissues of oxygen and nutrients
