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Anatomy and Physiology > Vision > Flashcards

Vision Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the eye

A

Fibrous layer
Vascular layer
Nervous layer

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2
Q

Fibrous layer contains

A
  1. Cornea
  2. Sclera
  3. Limbus
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3
Q

Cornea

A

most rostral section of the eye

one of the most superficial layer

clear membrane that allows light into the eye

needs to retain its curved structure to see images

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4
Q

Sclera

A

the “whites” of the eye

partially holds the vasculature of the eye

2nd most superficial part

continuous with the cornea

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5
Q

Limbus

A

the junction between the cornea and the sclera

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6
Q

Vascular Layer: Front of the eye structures

A

Iris
Pupil
Ciliary body

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7
Q

Iris

A

colored portion of the eye

constrict and dilate to control the amount of light that enters the eye

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8
Q

Pupil

A

the opening in the center of the iris

not necessarily a physical structure

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9
Q

Ciliary body

A

muscular structures that, along with suspensory ligaments holds the lens in place

controls the size and shape of the lens

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10
Q

Vascular Layer: Middle and back of the eye structures

A

Choroid

Tapetum lucidum

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11
Q

Choroid

A

the thicker layer that lies deep to the sclera

holds most of the vessels

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12
Q

Tapetum lucidum

A
  • Highly reflective membrane
  • found on the deep surface of the choroid
  • reflects any available light in the dark
  • night vision
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13
Q

Nervous layer Structures

A

Retina

Lens

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14
Q

Retina

A

most internal layer

heavily lined with rods and cones

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15
Q

Rods and cones

A

specific photo receptors that translate light into a perceptible image

rods=high light
cones=low light-color

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16
Q

Lens

A
  • held in place by the suspensory ligaments attached to the ciliary body
  • collects visual light from the pupil
  • images collected by the lens are flipped upside down
  • during the modulation process the image flips right-side-up
17
Q

Chambers of the eye

A

Anterior chamber
Posterior chamber
Vitreous chamber

18
Q

Aqueous Chamber: Anterior Chamber

A

lies between the cornea and the iris

filled with aqueous humor

19
Q

Aqueous Chamber: Posterior Chamber

A

lies between the iris and the lens

filled with aqueous humor

20
Q

Vitreous Chamber

A

makes up the majority of the eye
lies behind the lens
filled with vitreous humor

21
Q

Extraocular structures: Conjunctiva

A
  • very thin membrane
  • technically most superficial layer
  • lines the inside of the eyelids and the anterior sclera
  • does not cover the cornea
22
Q

Extraocular structures: Canthus

A

Medial and lacrimal corners of the eye

23
Q

Extraocular structures: Nictitating membrane

A
  • third eyelid of the superficial eye
  • arises from the medial canthi
  • helps protect eye when sleeping, eating or external debris
24
Q

Extraocular structures: Lacrimal glands

A

tear ducts found in the medial canthi of the eyes

25
Q

Extraocular structures: Cilia

A

Eyelashes-tactile hairs

26
Q

Extraocular structures: Nasal lacrimal duct

A

tear ducts to the nasal cavity

27
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

28
Q

Cataracts

A

A build up of an opaque liquid consisting of various proteins that fills the lens of the eye

preventing light from entering

29
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased pressure within the vitreous body

cause compression of ocular nerves

30
Q

Nicitating membrane adenitis

A

“Cherry eye”

Inflammation of the nicitating membrane that causes the tissue to prolapse over the medial canthus

31
Q

Nystagmus

A

Symptom of vestibular disease characterized by a continuous rapid movement of the eye

32
Q

Ocular larval migrans

A

occurs when filarial larvae migrates to the anterior chamber of the eye

33
Q

Ocular proptosis

A

appears as the bulging of the eye past its normal ocular range

caused by external trauma

tumors may cause as well

34
Q

Corneal ulceration

A
  • Caused by a laceration of the cornea
  • introduces a hole into the anterior chamber
  • can cause pain, discomfort and possible infections
  • easy diagnosis with an ocular fluorescent stain test

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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