Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy and Physiology > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of Blood

A

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hemoglobin

A

Allows red blood cells to transport oxygen to tissues

Contains iron molecules that bind to oxygen molecules

what gives blood its red color

One of three proteins in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bilirubin

A

Created by hemoglobin when red blood cells are destroyed or lysed

a catabolic byproduct

yellow pigment

Can show up in bruises or on tissue membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A

A condition when animals consume acetaminophen

large amounts of hemoglobin will be replaced by methemoglobin

Methemoglobin will bind to oxygen, not releasing it to the cells

Causes internal hypoxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Icterus or Jaundice

A

used to describe yellow membranes

large amounts of bilirubin in the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Plasma

A

The liquid portion of whole blood

Contains all three proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Serum

A

The liquid portion of clotted blood

secreted from an open wound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

3 major proteins found in the blood

A

Albumin
Globulins
Fibrinogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Albumin

A

Maintains oncotic pressure (blood pressure)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Globulins

A

The major component of the immunity system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fibrinogen

A

Used to clot blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Blood functions

A

Transportation
Regulation
Defense

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Blood Transportation

A

carries oxygen to tissues
carries carbon dioxide to the lungs
carries hormones for the endocrine system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Blood Regulation

A

Regulates internal temperatures and pH levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Blood Defense

A

White blood cells defend against foreign invaders

Platelets prevent excessive hemorrhaging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of Blood cells

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Thrombocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Erythrocyte structure

A 
Red blood cells 
Make-up the majority of the blood's cells
Anucleated
Biconcave disk shape
Devoid of organelles
Carry fluid and hemoglobin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Erythrocyte function

A

To act as an oxygen carrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Anemia

A

Reduced oxygen-carrying capability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Causes of Anemia

A 
Iron-deficiency
Hemolytic
Hemorrhagic
Aplastic
Morphological
Erythropoietin-deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Iron deficiency

A

Without iron, hemoglobin cannot bind to oxygen

This can be congenital or metabolic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Hemolytic

A

Caused by the destruction of red blood cells

23
Q

Hemorrhagic

A

Caused by bleeding

Removes blood from the circulatory system

24
Q

Aplastic

A

Occurs when the bone marrow cannot make enough

Autoimmune or neoplastic

25
Morphological
Rare in animals | Can be caused by any alterations to the shape of erythrocytes
26
Erythropoietin-deficiency
occurs during end-stage chronic renal failure
27
Hypoxia
Lack of oxygen in the tissues Leads to Cyanosis
28
Erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells | occurs within the spongy bone of bone tissue and is stimulated in response to hypoxia
29
Erythrocytes Life Cycle
Mature red blood cells are released from the bone marrow Immature red blood cells may be released early into the bloodstream either from anemia or bone marrow dysfunction
30
Erythrocytes End of Life Cycle
68 days for cats 110 days for dogs broken down and recycled by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver
31
Leukocytes
``` Neutrophils-granulocyte Lymphocytes-agranulocyte Monocytes-agranulocyte Eosinophils-granulocyte Basophils-granulocyte ```
32
Diapedesis
The act of a cell passing through a capillary wall in response to a stimulant
33
Chemotaxis
The movement of a cell towards a chemical stimulant
34
Neutrophils
``` Most common white blood cells Active immune response via phagocytosis First responder for foreign invaders Engulf microorganisms nuclei segment with age ```
35
Band neutrophil
A neutrophil has a nucleus with no visible segments | Released prematurely
36
Lymphocytes
Heavily involved with the immune system The smallest type of leukocyte The nucleus normally takes up the majority of the intracellular space Four types
37
Monocytes
Largest of all white blood cells Contain visible cytoplasmic vacuoles Devoid of granules
38
Monocyte function
- Active immune response via phagocytosis - The second responder during an infection - Partners with neutrophils - Active longer than neutrophils - Become macrophages when they enter tissues - A blood panel displaying high amounts of monocytes indicate a chronic infection
39
Eosinophils
Anti-inflammatory response Assists with the immune system Attacks many parasites with its granules Named after the red color of the solution that it absorbs during staining
40
Basophils
Anticoagulation and allergic reaction response Granules contain histamine and heparin Gets its name from the blue stain of the granules rarest of all leukocytes
41
Histamine
Used to initiate an allergic reaction
42
Heparin
Used as an anticoagulant
43
Leukopoiesis
Production of white blood cells
44
Thrombocytes
Platelets Serves as the body's immediate response to hemorrhaging Lack a nucleus so not true cells Composed of fragments that bud off a megakaryocyte Smaller than red blood cells
45
Thrombocytes Function
Achieves homeostasis by forming a clot that plugs an open wound Prevents more hemorrhaging
46
Clotting cascade
A wound is introduced to a blood vessel causing bleeding Receptors on the endothelial membrane activate the clotting cascade Thrombin is released and converts fibrinogen into fibrin Fibrin polymerized into a mesh that forms a clot
47
Thrombus
A blood clot formed in the bloodstream
48
Embolism
The blockage of a blood vessel by any object
49
Thromboembolism
The blockage of a blood vessel by a blood clot
50
Thrombocytopenia
Having a thrombocyte count less than normal Can be caused by an autoimmune response, neoplastic or severe blood loss leads to clotting disorders
51
Petechiae
Pin-point and numerous
52
Ecchymosis
Larger and covers a wider area
53
Thrombocyte count
175,000 to 500,00 in dogs and cats
54
Cyanosis
Lack of oxygen causes mucous membranes and other thin tissues to appear blue

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions