Male Reproductive System

Question 1

Spermatozoa

Answer 1

Male gametes

Haploid cells

Question 2

Spermatogenesis

Answer 2

Production and development of spermatozoa

Question 3

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

Answer 3

Within the testes

Question 4

Why are testes located on the external part of the body?

Answer 4

Because the internal body temperature is too high to support the development of spermatozoa

Question 5

What houses the testes?

Answer 5

The scrotum

Question 6

What happens to the scrotum when it is cold?

Answer 6

WIll contract and constrict

Causes the testes to be pulled closer to the body

Question 7

Where is spermatogenesis initiated/synthesized?

Answer 7

Seminiferous Tubules

Question 8

Seminiferous Tubules

Answer 8

Make up the central bulk of the testes

Are convoluted and divide into different lobules

Question 9

What happens to spermatozoa as they develop?

Answer 9

They move towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and detach when they are ready to move to the next step of development

Question 10

What are Leydig cells?

Answer 10

Specialized cells found in the interstitial space of the testes

Question 11

What do Leydig cells secrete?

Answer 11

Androgens

Question 12

What are androgens?

Answer 12

growth hormones

estrogen and testosterone

Question 13

What are androgens necessary for?

Answer 13

The development of male gametes

Question 14

What is the testes’ second major function?

Answer 14

Hormonal production

Question 15

What conducts the testes’ second major function?

Answer 15

Leydig cells

Question 16

What occurs during Spermatogenesis?

Answer 16

Spermatozoa start along the basal layer and divide so that each daughter cell contains the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell (mitosis/diploid)

Question 17

What happens after division in spermatogenesis?

Answer 17

One daughter cell remains towards the basal surface where it can further divide to form more daughter cells

The other daughter cell will move towards the apical surface where it will begin to divide more

Question 18

What is another name for Type B spermatozoa?

Answer 18

Primary spermatocytes

Question 19

What do primary spermatocytes undergo to become a secondary spermatocyte?

Answer 19

Meiosis

Question 20

Secondary spermatocytes will undergo _____ once more to become ______

Answer 20

Meiosis; Spermatids

Question 21

When does mitosis only occur?

Answer 21

When a spermatogonia becomes a primary spermatocyte

Daughter A and B cells

Question 22

When does meiosis occur?

Answer 22

When a primary spermatocyte becomes a secondary spermatocyte

Question 23

What does the division of mitosis and meiosis mean for the primary and secondary spermatocyte?

Answer 23

A primary spermatocyte will still have the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell
The amount will only half when it divides into secondary spermatocytes

Question 24

What chromosomes do male cells contain

Answer 24

X and Y

Question 25

What chromosomes do female cells contain

Answer 25

X

Question 26

What determines the genetic sex of the offspring?

Answer 26

Spermatozoa

Question 27

What happens to the spermatids once they reach the lumen surface?

Answer 27

They undergo spermiogenesis

Question 28

What happens during the spermiogenesis stage?

Answer 28

The cells will grow a single flagellate

Question 29

What does the flagellate do?

Answer 29

It propels the cell through fluid as it reaches its destination

Question 30

What happens if the cell does not grow a flagellate?

Answer 30

The efficiency of fertilization will be very low

Question 31

Where does the final stage of maturity begin?

Answer 31

The epididymis

Question 32

What do the seminiferous tubules conduct to move the immature spermatozoa to the epididymis?

Answer 32

Peristalsis

Question 33

What do the spermatozoa gain when they enter the epididymis

Answer 33

Large amounts of mitochondria

Question 34

What is the epididymis lined with that help move the immature sperm throughout the tubule?

Answer 34

Stereocilia

Question 35

What else do the stereocilia aid in?

Answer 35

Reabsorb excess fluids

Question 36

What are the functions of the Epididymis?

Answer 36

A storage site for spermatozoa | Maturity of spermatozoa until expulsion

Question 37

Where do the spermatozoa enter upon release?

Answer 37

The Vas Deferens

Question 38

What do the spermatozoa join up with?

Answer 38

The ejaculatory duct

Question 39

What does the Vas Deferens travel within

Answer 39

The spermatic cord

Question 40

What does the spermatic cord also contain?

Answer 40

The testes' blood vessels and nerves

Question 41

During development, what two organs descend through the inguinal ring of the peritoneal wall?

Answer 41

The testes and the spermatic cord

Question 42

What organ does the ejaculatory duct pass through and what organ does it join with?

Answer 42

The prostate gland and the urethra

Question 43

What do the urethra and the ejaculatory duct travel within?

Answer 43

The prostate

Question 44

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

Answer 44

To secrete fluid that makes up the seminal fluid (semen)

Question 45

What is the function of the prostate gland?

Answer 45

Secrete substances that nourish spermatozoa

Question 46

What species DO NOT have a seminal vesicle?

Answer 46

Dogs and cats

Question 47

What species DO have a seminal vesicle?

Answer 47

Humans, cows, horses

Question 48

What contains the penis?

Answer 48

The prepuce

Question 49

What organ is located near the prostate and seminal vesicles?

Answer 49

The Bulbourethral Gland

Question 50

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

Answer 50

Secrete a mucous fluid prior to the expulsion of spermatozoa to allow lubrication of the urethra

Question 51

What species DOES NOT have a bulbourethral gland

Answer 51

Canines

Question 52

What species DOES have a bulbourethral gland?

Answer 52

Cats and cows

Question 53

What organ is located along the ventral caudal aspect of the penis?

Answer 53

The Bulb of Glans

Question 54

What is the function of the bulb of glans

Answer 54

It swells with blood during copulation, making it larger than the vaginal opening

Question 55

What does the swelling of the bulb of glans cause?

Answer 55

The male dog to become stuck to the female dog

Question 56

What organ is found in bulls?

Answer 56

The sigmoid flexures

Question 57

What is the sigmoid flexures?

Answer 57

An "S" shaped structure created by the urethra

Question 58

What is the function of the sigmoid flexures?

Answer 58

To extend the penis past the prepuce

Question 59

What are the penises of cats covered in?

Answer 59

Tiny barbs

Question 60

What is the function of the tiny barbs?

Answer 60

To help keep male cats attached to female cats

Question 61

True or False: Cats are induced ovulators

Answer 61

True