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Anatomy and Physiology > Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Spermatozoa

A

Male gametes

Haploid cells

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2
Q

Spermatogenesis

A

Production and development of spermatozoa

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3
Q

Where does spermatogenesis occur?

A

Within the testes

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4
Q

Why are testes located on the external part of the body?

A

Because the internal body temperature is too high to support the development of spermatozoa

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5
Q

What houses the testes?

A

The scrotum

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6
Q

What happens to the scrotum when it is cold?

A

WIll contract and constrict

Causes the testes to be pulled closer to the body

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7
Q

Where is spermatogenesis initiated/synthesized?

A

Seminiferous Tubules

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8
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Make up the central bulk of the testes

Are convoluted and divide into different lobules

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9
Q

What happens to spermatozoa as they develop?

A

They move towards the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and detach when they are ready to move to the next step of development

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10
Q

What are Leydig cells?

A

Specialized cells found in the interstitial space of the testes

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11
Q

What do Leydig cells secrete?

A

Androgens

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12
Q

What are androgens?

A

growth hormones

estrogen and testosterone

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13
Q

What are androgens necessary for?

A

The development of male gametes

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14
Q

What is the testes’ second major function?

A

Hormonal production

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15
Q

What conducts the testes’ second major function?

A

Leydig cells

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16
Q

What occurs during Spermatogenesis?

A

Spermatozoa start along the basal layer and divide so that each daughter cell contains the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell (mitosis/diploid)

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17
Q

What happens after division in spermatogenesis?

A

One daughter cell remains towards the basal surface where it can further divide to form more daughter cells

The other daughter cell will move towards the apical surface where it will begin to divide more

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18
Q

What is another name for Type B spermatozoa?

A

Primary spermatocytes

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19
Q

What do primary spermatocytes undergo to become a secondary spermatocyte?

A

Meiosis

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20
Q

Secondary spermatocytes will undergo _____ once more to become ______

A

Meiosis; Spermatids

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21
Q

When does mitosis only occur?

A

When a spermatogonia becomes a primary spermatocyte

Daughter A and B cells

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22
Q

When does meiosis occur?

A

When a primary spermatocyte becomes a secondary spermatocyte

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23
Q

What does the division of mitosis and meiosis mean for the primary and secondary spermatocyte?

A

A primary spermatocyte will still have the same amount of chromosomes as the parent cell
The amount will only half when it divides into secondary spermatocytes

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24
Q

What chromosomes do male cells contain

A

X and Y

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25
Q

What chromosomes do female cells contain

A

X

26
Q

What determines the genetic sex of the offspring?

A

Spermatozoa

27
Q

What happens to the spermatids once they reach the lumen surface?

A

They undergo spermiogenesis

28
Q

What happens during the spermiogenesis stage?

A

The cells will grow a single flagellate

29
Q

What does the flagellate do?

A

It propels the cell through fluid as it reaches its destination

30
Q

What happens if the cell does not grow a flagellate?

A

The efficiency of fertilization will be very low

31
Q

Where does the final stage of maturity begin?

A

The epididymis

32
Q

What do the seminiferous tubules conduct to move the immature spermatozoa to the epididymis?

A

Peristalsis

33
Q

What do the spermatozoa gain when they enter the epididymis

A

Large amounts of mitochondria

34
Q

What is the epididymis lined with that help move the immature sperm throughout the tubule?

A

Stereocilia

35
Q

What else do the stereocilia aid in?

A

Reabsorb excess fluids

36
Q

What are the functions of the Epididymis?

A

A storage site for spermatozoa

Maturity of spermatozoa until expulsion

37
Q

Where do the spermatozoa enter upon release?

A

The Vas Deferens

38
Q

What do the spermatozoa join up with?

A

The ejaculatory duct

39
Q

What does the Vas Deferens travel within

A

The spermatic cord

40
Q

What does the spermatic cord also contain?

A

The testes’ blood vessels and nerves

41
Q

During development, what two organs descend through the inguinal ring of the peritoneal wall?

A

The testes and the spermatic cord

42
Q

What organ does the ejaculatory duct pass through and what organ does it join with?

A

The prostate gland and the urethra

43
Q

What do the urethra and the ejaculatory duct travel within?

A

The prostate

44
Q

What is the function of the seminal vesicle?

A

To secrete fluid that makes up the seminal fluid (semen)

45
Q

What is the function of the prostate gland?

A

Secrete substances that nourish spermatozoa

46
Q

What species DO NOT have a seminal vesicle?

A

Dogs and cats

47
Q

What species DO have a seminal vesicle?

A

Humans, cows, horses

48
Q

What contains the penis?

A

The prepuce

49
Q

What organ is located near the prostate and seminal vesicles?

A

The Bulbourethral Gland

50
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Secrete a mucous fluid prior to the expulsion of spermatozoa to allow lubrication of the urethra

51
Q

What species DOES NOT have a bulbourethral gland

A

Canines

52
Q

What species DOES have a bulbourethral gland?

A

Cats and cows

53
Q

What organ is located along the ventral caudal aspect of the penis?

A

The Bulb of Glans

54
Q

What is the function of the bulb of glans

A

It swells with blood during copulation, making it larger than the vaginal opening

55
Q

What does the swelling of the bulb of glans cause?

A

The male dog to become stuck to the female dog

56
Q

What organ is found in bulls?

A

The sigmoid flexures

57
Q

What is the sigmoid flexures?

A

An “S” shaped structure created by the urethra

58
Q

What is the function of the sigmoid flexures?

A

To extend the penis past the prepuce

59
Q

What are the penises of cats covered in?

A

Tiny barbs

60
Q

What is the function of the tiny barbs?

A

To help keep male cats attached to female cats

61
Q

True or False: Cats are induced ovulators

A

True

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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