Digestive system

Question 1

Salivary glands

Answer 1

located in the oral cavity

Question 2

Saliva

Answer 2

Secretion of the salivary glands
play a large role in the initial stages of digestion
contain amylase

Question 3

Pharynx

Answer 3

the food bolus makes its way towards the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
the epiglottis will shut close
Food then enters the esophagus

Question 4

Deglutition

Answer 4

Swallowing 
3 stages
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage

Question 5

Oral stage

Answer 5

food enters the mouth

mixes with saliva, forming a food bolus

Question 6

Pharyngeal stage

Answer 6

the bolus passes through the pharynx as the epiglottis shuts close

Question 7

Esophageal stage

Answer 7

the bolus enters the esophagus

it is involuntarily brought to the stomach through repeated muscle contraction

Question 8

Peristalsis

Answer 8

Stomach muscle contractions

Question 9

Esophagus

Answer 9

A spongy-like tube that leads to the stomach
It travels:
Down the medistinum
Past the heart
through the diaphragm

Question 10

Stomach

Answer 10

Monogastric stomach contains four chambers:
Cardia
Fundus
Corpus
Pylorus

Question 11

Cardia

Answer 11

1st section of the stomach
connects the esophagus to the gastric system
contains the cardiac sphincter

Question 12

Cardiac sphincter

Answer 12

surrounds the junction between the cardia and the esophagus
controls the amount of food that enters the stomach at a time
prevents gastric acid from entering the esophagus

Question 13

Fundus

Answer 13

Pouch
just adjacent to the cardia
food doesn’t move unless there is enough for gastric expansion
Contains Rugae

Question 14

Rugae

Answer 14

Continuous folds that line the inside of the stomach
Allow the stomach to expand when filled to capacity
primarily lines the fundus

Question 15

Corpus

Answer 15

Considered the body of the stomach
Makes up the majority of the stomach
provides the most volume
where most of the gastric digestions take place

Question 16

Pylorus

Answer 16

the junction between the stomach and the first portion of the small intestines
Contains the Pyloric sphincter

Question 17

Pyloric sphincter

Answer 17

Surrounds the terminal junction of the stomach

Controls the amount of food that enters the small intestines

Question 18

Parietal cells

Answer 18

Cells of the inner mucosa lining of the stomach

Release components needed to form hydrochloric acid

Question 19

G cells

Answer 19

Secretes gastrin

Question 20

Gastrin

Answer 20

A hormone that regulates gastric emptying and HCL production

Question 21

Chief cells

Answer 21

release pepsinogen

Question 22

Pepsinogen

Answer 22

Converts pepsin when in the presence of stomach acid

Question 23

Pepsin

Answer 23

An enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 24

Goblet cells

Answer 24

creates a consistent lining of mucus along the inner wall of the stomach
preventing stomach constituents from harming gastric cells

Question 25

Esophagus and acid

Answer 25

The esophagus does not have protection against gastric acid

Question 26

When stomach acid makes its way up into the esophagus

Answer 26

It causes a burning sensation as the acid begins to eat away at some of the tissues This can be caused by gastric pressure (diet) or by gravity

Question 27

Vomiting

Answer 27

Emesis Causes reverse peristalsis Causes abdominal contractions Empties stomach contents

Question 28

Regurgitation

Answer 28

Does not reverse peristalsis Does not cause abdominal contractions Empties oral and esophageal contents

Question 29

Small intestines

Answer 29

3 sections Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 30

Functions of the small intestines

Answer 30

Secretion Absorption Reabsorption

Question 31

Picae

Answer 31

Folds that internally line the intestines Increase the surface area of the intestines for reabsorption along with microvilli and villi

Question 32

Duodenum

Answer 32

Collects chyme and releases secretin

Question 33

Chyme

Answer 33

Partially digested food

Question 34

Secretin

Answer 34

A hormone that regulates the release of hydrochloric acid from the stomach Helps reduce the acidity of the intestinal contents

Question 35

Jejunum

Answer 35

The longest portion of the small intestines | The site where most absorption takes place

Question 36

Ileum

Answer 36

The terminal section of the small intestines | Contains the highest concentration of peyer's patches

Question 37

Chyle

Answer 37

Lymphatic structures contained in the villi Collect lipid molecules and transfer it to the lymphatic system Turns white as a result

Question 38

Mesentery

Answer 38

A thin sheet attached to the entire length of the intestines Holds the intestine's blood and lymphatic vessels instrumental in collecting blood to be sent to the liver for detoxification

Question 39

Omentum

Answer 39

Similar in structure and function as the mesentery 2 structures Greater Omentum Lesser Omentum

Question 40

Greater Omentum

Answer 40

attached to the stomach and the parietal peritoneum

Question 41

Lesser Omentum

Answer 41

Attached to the stomach and liver

Question 42

Cecum

Answer 42

An out-pouched connected to the terminal end of the ileum | Located at the ileocolic junction

Question 43

Cecum-carnivores

Answer 43

Serves no practical purpose

Question 44

Cecum-herbivores

Answer 44

Holds many molecules that are tough to digest and retains it for a longer period of time Allows chyme to be further digested as needed

Question 45

Large intestines

Answer 45

Continue after small intestines | Contains food that have been vastly digested

Question 46

Large intestine 3 divisons

Answer 46

Ascending Transverse Descending

Question 47

Colon

Answer 47

Becomes continuous with the rectum and finally the anus

Question 48

Large intestine function

Answer 48

Absorbing fluids