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Anatomy and Physiology > Digestive system > Flashcards

Digestive system Flashcards

1
Q

Salivary glands

A

located in the oral cavity

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2
Q

Saliva

A

Secretion of the salivary glands
play a large role in the initial stages of digestion
contain amylase

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3
Q

Pharynx

A

the food bolus makes its way towards the oropharynx and laryngopharynx
the epiglottis will shut close
Food then enters the esophagus

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4
Q

Deglutition

A 
Swallowing 
3 stages
Oral stage
Pharyngeal stage
Esophageal stage
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5
Q

Oral stage

A

food enters the mouth

mixes with saliva, forming a food bolus

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6
Q

Pharyngeal stage

A

the bolus passes through the pharynx as the epiglottis shuts close

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7
Q

Esophageal stage

A

the bolus enters the esophagus

it is involuntarily brought to the stomach through repeated muscle contraction

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8
Q

Peristalsis

A

Stomach muscle contractions

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9
Q

Esophagus

A 
A spongy-like tube that leads to the stomach
It travels:
Down the medistinum
Past the heart
through the diaphragm
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10
Q

Stomach

A 
Monogastric stomach contains four chambers:
Cardia
Fundus
Corpus
Pylorus
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11
Q

Cardia

A

1st section of the stomach
connects the esophagus to the gastric system
contains the cardiac sphincter

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12
Q

Cardiac sphincter

A

surrounds the junction between the cardia and the esophagus
controls the amount of food that enters the stomach at a time
prevents gastric acid from entering the esophagus

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13
Q

Fundus

A

Pouch
just adjacent to the cardia
food doesn’t move unless there is enough for gastric expansion
Contains Rugae

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14
Q

Rugae

A

Continuous folds that line the inside of the stomach
Allow the stomach to expand when filled to capacity
primarily lines the fundus

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15
Q

Corpus

A

Considered the body of the stomach
Makes up the majority of the stomach
provides the most volume
where most of the gastric digestions take place

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16
Q

Pylorus

A

the junction between the stomach and the first portion of the small intestines
Contains the Pyloric sphincter

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17
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Surrounds the terminal junction of the stomach

Controls the amount of food that enters the small intestines

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18
Q

Parietal cells

A

Cells of the inner mucosa lining of the stomach

Release components needed to form hydrochloric acid

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19
Q

G cells

A

Secretes gastrin

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20
Q

Gastrin

A

A hormone that regulates gastric emptying and HCL production

21
Q

Chief cells

A

release pepsinogen

22
Q

Pepsinogen

A

Converts pepsin when in the presence of stomach acid

23
Q

Pepsin

A

An enzyme that breaks down proteins

24
Q

Goblet cells

A

creates a consistent lining of mucus along the inner wall of the stomach
preventing stomach constituents from harming gastric cells

25
Q

Esophagus and acid

A

The esophagus does not have protection against gastric acid

26
Q

When stomach acid makes its way up into the esophagus

A

It causes a burning sensation as the acid begins to eat away at some of the tissues
This can be caused by gastric pressure (diet) or by gravity

27
Q

Vomiting

A

Emesis
Causes reverse peristalsis
Causes abdominal contractions
Empties stomach contents

28
Q

Regurgitation

A

Does not reverse peristalsis
Does not cause abdominal contractions
Empties oral and esophageal contents

29
Q

Small intestines

A

3 sections
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

30
Q

Functions of the small intestines

A

Secretion
Absorption
Reabsorption

31
Q

Picae

A

Folds that internally line the intestines
Increase the surface area of the intestines for reabsorption
along with microvilli and villi

32
Q

Duodenum

A

Collects chyme and releases secretin

33
Q

Chyme

A

Partially digested food

34
Q

Secretin

A

A hormone that regulates the release of hydrochloric acid from the stomach
Helps reduce the acidity of the intestinal contents

35
Q

Jejunum

A

The longest portion of the small intestines

The site where most absorption takes place

36
Q

Ileum

A

The terminal section of the small intestines

Contains the highest concentration of peyer’s patches

37
Q

Chyle

A

Lymphatic structures contained in the villi
Collect lipid molecules and transfer it to the lymphatic system
Turns white as a result

38
Q

Mesentery

A

A thin sheet attached to the entire length of the intestines
Holds the intestine’s blood and lymphatic vessels
instrumental in collecting blood to be sent to the liver for detoxification

39
Q

Omentum

A

Similar in structure and function as the mesentery
2 structures
Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum

40
Q

Greater Omentum

A

attached to the stomach and the parietal peritoneum

41
Q

Lesser Omentum

A

Attached to the stomach and liver

42
Q

Cecum

A

An out-pouched connected to the terminal end of the ileum

Located at the ileocolic junction

43
Q

Cecum-carnivores

A

Serves no practical purpose

44
Q

Cecum-herbivores

A

Holds many molecules that are tough to digest and retains it for a longer period of time
Allows chyme to be further digested as needed

45
Q

Large intestines

A

Continue after small intestines

Contains food that have been vastly digested

46
Q

Large intestine 3 divisons

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

47
Q

Colon

A

Becomes continuous with the rectum and finally the anus

48
Q

Large intestine function

A

Absorbing fluids

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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