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Anatomy and Physiology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovum

A

Female gamete

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2
Q

Oogenesis

A

Development of the oocytes

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3
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries

A

To produce and release female gametes as well as female androgens

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4
Q

What is the superficial layer of the ovaries

A

Ovarian Cortex

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5
Q

Where are the developing eggs housed?

A

Ovarian Cortex

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6
Q

What is the deeper layer of the ovary and where the parenchyma of the ovaries found?

A

The Ovarian medulla

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7
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

The functional tissues of an organ

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8
Q

Stroma

A

The connective tissues of an organ that provides structure and stability

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9
Q

Where is the stroma found on the ovary?

A

It is the superficial layer of the ovary

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10
Q

What is found within the ovarian cortex?

A

The ovarian follicle and the developing primary oocyte

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11
Q

What does each ovarian follicle hold?

A

A single primary oocyte

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12
Q

What surrounds the oocyte and supports the oocyte when development is triggered?

A

Granulosa cells

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13
Q

What are females born with?

A

All the eggs they will ever have and no new eggs are synthesized

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14
Q

Where does the ovarian cycle take place?

A

The fallopian tube

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15
Q

What is the ovarian cycle?

A

The cycle that revolves around the maturation of the ovum and the follicle

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16
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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17
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

The growth of follicles in the ovaries

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18
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

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19
Q

What does LH trigger?

A

Ovulation

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20
Q

Uniparous

A

Produces a single offspring

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21
Q

Multiparous

A

Produces multiple offspring

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22
Q

In what animals does FSH stimulate the follicle that is furthest along in its developmental stage?

A

Uniparous

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23
Q

What do the cells in oogenesis begin to divide by?

A

Meiosis

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24
Q

After the stimulation from ____, the _____ will begin to divide by meiosis with the ______

A

FSH; oocyte; follicle

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25
Do the oocytes create multiple eggs?
No only one egg
26
What do oocytes create instead?
Polar bodies
27
Why are polar bodies created?
To ensure the secondary oocyte creates half of the chromosomes
28
What is the oocyte called when it reaches the final stage of maturity?
Ovum | Mature gamete
29
What is ovulation?
The act of the oocyte being released by the follicle into the fallopian tube
30
When enough ______ is released by the follicle, ______ will be stimulated to cause the release of the ____. The follicle will then fuse with the _______ ______. With the assistance of enzymes, the follicle will expel a ________ ______ into the ______ _______.
Estrogen; LH; egg; ovarian wall; secondary oocyte; fallopian tube
31
When the egg or oocyte is released it is called what at this point?
A secondary oocyte
32
What does the ovarian cycle end with?
Ovulation
33
Where does the now empty follicle develop into?
Corpus luteum
34
Before the corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue it will do what?
Release a series of hormones that stop the release of FSH and LH from the Anterior Pituitary Gland
35
What would happen if the corpus luteum did not stop the release of hormones?
It would be caught in a continuous loop of positive feedback where FSH and LH would be continuously released
36
What are the three parts of the fallopian tube?
Fimbriae Infundibulum Uterine horn
37
Fimbriae
The flower-shaped portion of the fallopian tube facing the ovary
38
Infundibulum
The next section of the fallopian tube after the fimbriae
39
Uterine Horn
The junction where the fallopian tubes connect to the uterus
40
The _____ are not attached to the ovaries. So the_____ must travel a short distance through the ______ ______ before it enters the _____ ______.
fimbriae; oocyte; peritoneal cavity; fallopian tube
41
What can the secondary oocyte be referred to as when it is traveling down the fallopian tube?
The ovum
42
While traveling down the fallopian tube can the ovum still be fertilized by passing spermatozoa before reaching the uterine cavity?
Yes
43
What is the ovum called when it is successfully fertilized?
Zygote
44
What are the three layers of the uterus?
Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium
45
Perimetrium
The most outer layer of the uterus | Superficial layer
46
Myometrium
the muscular layer of the uterus that contracts during labor
47
Endometrium
The inner and deeper layer of the utereus
48
Which uterine layer is associated with the bleeding during menstruation?
Endometrium
49
What sphincter-like muscle normally remains closed except during estrus and parturition?
The Cervix
50
Pregnancy is the same as...
Gestation
51
What is the terminal cavity of the female reproductive system?
Vaginal cavity
52
Menstrual cycle
Occurs primarily in humans | Species with menstrual cycles can be sexually active at any time
53
What cycle occurs primarily in animals?
Estrous cycle
54
What happens if the egg fails to be fertilized in the estrous cycle?
The endometrium lining and the eggs will be reabsorbed
55
When are species with an estrous cycle sexually active?
During the estrus phase | Heat
56
EstrOus
Used to describe the cycle | Always used with the word cycle
57
EstrUs
A specific phase of the estrous cycle
58
Polyestrous animals
The estrous cycle is continuous throughout the year | Cattle and swine
59
Seasonally polyestrous animals
The estrous cycle shows depending on the season | Horses, sheep, cats
60
Diestrous animals
The estrous cycle is twice a year | Dogs
61
Monoestrous animals
The estrous cycle is only once a year | Foxes and minks
62
What are the four phases of the estrous cycle?
Proestrus Estrus Metestrus Diestrus
63
Proestrus
Is the initial phase when the follicle develops into the ovaries
64
In what phase does the vaginal lining undergo cornification
The proestrus phase
65
Cornification
Where the apical layer of the epithelium becomes keratinized
66
Estrus
The period when the animal is in heat
67
What phase are induced ovulators stuck in?
The Estrus phase
68
How long are induced ovulators stuck in estrus?
Until ovulation is stimulated
69
Metestrus
The period after ovulation | When the corpus luteum begins to form
70
What happens to the vaginal lining in the Metestrus phase
It begins to lose the keratinized layer in preparation for ovum implantation
71
What happens to the vaginal wall after losing the keratinized layer?
It begins to thicken and soften
72
Diestrus
The uterine lining is reabsorbed into the surrounding tissues and the estrous cycle is restarted

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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