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Anatomy and Physiology > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ovum

A

Female gamete

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2
Q

Oogenesis

A

Development of the oocytes

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3
Q

What are the functions of the ovaries

A

To produce and release female gametes as well as female androgens

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4
Q

What is the superficial layer of the ovaries

A

Ovarian Cortex

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5
Q

Where are the developing eggs housed?

A

Ovarian Cortex

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6
Q

What is the deeper layer of the ovary and where the parenchyma of the ovaries found?

A

The Ovarian medulla

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7
Q

What is parenchyma?

A

The functional tissues of an organ

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8
Q

Stroma

A

The connective tissues of an organ that provides structure and stability

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9
Q

Where is the stroma found on the ovary?

A

It is the superficial layer of the ovary

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10
Q

What is found within the ovarian cortex?

A

The ovarian follicle and the developing primary oocyte

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11
Q

What does each ovarian follicle hold?

A

A single primary oocyte

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12
Q

What surrounds the oocyte and supports the oocyte when development is triggered?

A

Granulosa cells

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13
Q

What are females born with?

A

All the eggs they will ever have and no new eggs are synthesized

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14
Q

Where does the ovarian cycle take place?

A

The fallopian tube

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15
Q

What is the ovarian cycle?

A

The cycle that revolves around the maturation of the ovum and the follicle

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16
Q

FSH

A

Follicle-stimulating hormone

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17
Q

What does FSH stimulate?

A

The growth of follicles in the ovaries

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18
Q

LH

A

Luteinizing hormone

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19
Q

What does LH trigger?

A

Ovulation

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20
Q

Uniparous

A

Produces a single offspring

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21
Q

Multiparous

A

Produces multiple offspring

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22
Q

In what animals does FSH stimulate the follicle that is furthest along in its developmental stage?

A

Uniparous

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23
Q

What do the cells in oogenesis begin to divide by?

A

Meiosis

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24
Q

After the stimulation from ____, the _____ will begin to divide by meiosis with the ______

A

FSH; oocyte; follicle

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25
Q

Do the oocytes create multiple eggs?

A

No only one egg

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26
Q

What do oocytes create instead?

A

Polar bodies

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27
Q

Why are polar bodies created?

A

To ensure the secondary oocyte creates half of the chromosomes

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28
Q

What is the oocyte called when it reaches the final stage of maturity?

A

Ovum

Mature gamete

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29
Q

What is ovulation?

A

The act of the oocyte being released by the follicle into the fallopian tube

30
Q

When enough ______ is released by the follicle, ______ will be stimulated to cause the release of the ____. The follicle will then fuse with the _______ ______. With the assistance of enzymes, the follicle will expel a ________ ______ into the ______ _______.

A

Estrogen; LH; egg; ovarian wall; secondary oocyte; fallopian tube

31
Q

When the egg or oocyte is released it is called what at this point?

A

A secondary oocyte

32
Q

What does the ovarian cycle end with?

A

Ovulation

33
Q

Where does the now empty follicle develop into?

A

Corpus luteum

34
Q

Before the corpus luteum degenerates into scar tissue it will do what?

A

Release a series of hormones that stop the release of FSH and LH from the Anterior Pituitary Gland

35
Q

What would happen if the corpus luteum did not stop the release of hormones?

A

It would be caught in a continuous loop of positive feedback where FSH and LH would be continuously released

36
Q

What are the three parts of the fallopian tube?

A

Fimbriae
Infundibulum
Uterine horn

37
Q

Fimbriae

A

The flower-shaped portion of the fallopian tube facing the ovary

38
Q

Infundibulum

A

The next section of the fallopian tube after the fimbriae

39
Q

Uterine Horn

A

The junction where the fallopian tubes connect to the uterus

40
Q

The _____ are not attached to the ovaries. So the_____ must travel a short distance through the ______ ______ before it enters the _____ ______.

A

fimbriae; oocyte; peritoneal cavity; fallopian tube

41
Q

What can the secondary oocyte be referred to as when it is traveling down the fallopian tube?

A

The ovum

42
Q

While traveling down the fallopian tube can the ovum still be fertilized by passing spermatozoa before reaching the uterine cavity?

A

Yes

43
Q

What is the ovum called when it is successfully fertilized?

A

Zygote

44
Q

What are the three layers of the uterus?

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

45
Q

Perimetrium

A

The most outer layer of the uterus

Superficial layer

46
Q

Myometrium

A

the muscular layer of the uterus that contracts during labor

47
Q

Endometrium

A

The inner and deeper layer of the utereus

48
Q

Which uterine layer is associated with the bleeding during menstruation?

A

Endometrium

49
Q

What sphincter-like muscle normally remains closed except during estrus and parturition?

A

The Cervix

50
Q

Pregnancy is the same as…

A

Gestation

51
Q

What is the terminal cavity of the female reproductive system?

A

Vaginal cavity

52
Q

Menstrual cycle

A

Occurs primarily in humans

Species with menstrual cycles can be sexually active at any time

53
Q

What cycle occurs primarily in animals?

A

Estrous cycle

54
Q

What happens if the egg fails to be fertilized in the estrous cycle?

A

The endometrium lining and the eggs will be reabsorbed

55
Q

When are species with an estrous cycle sexually active?

A

During the estrus phase

Heat

56
Q

EstrOus

A

Used to describe the cycle

Always used with the word cycle

57
Q

EstrUs

A

A specific phase of the estrous cycle

58
Q

Polyestrous animals

A

The estrous cycle is continuous throughout the year

Cattle and swine

59
Q

Seasonally polyestrous animals

A

The estrous cycle shows depending on the season

Horses, sheep, cats

60
Q

Diestrous animals

A

The estrous cycle is twice a year

Dogs

61
Q

Monoestrous animals

A

The estrous cycle is only once a year

Foxes and minks

62
Q

What are the four phases of the estrous cycle?

A

Proestrus
Estrus
Metestrus
Diestrus

63
Q

Proestrus

A

Is the initial phase when the follicle develops into the ovaries

64
Q

In what phase does the vaginal lining undergo cornification

A

The proestrus phase

65
Q

Cornification

A

Where the apical layer of the epithelium becomes keratinized

66
Q

Estrus

A

The period when the animal is in heat

67
Q

What phase are induced ovulators stuck in?

A

The Estrus phase

68
Q

How long are induced ovulators stuck in estrus?

A

Until ovulation is stimulated

69
Q

Metestrus

A

The period after ovulation

When the corpus luteum begins to form

70
Q

What happens to the vaginal lining in the Metestrus phase

A

It begins to lose the keratinized layer in preparation for ovum implantation

71
Q

What happens to the vaginal wall after losing the keratinized layer?

A

It begins to thicken and soften

72
Q

Diestrus

A

The uterine lining is reabsorbed into the surrounding tissues and the estrous cycle is restarted

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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