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Anatomy and Physiology > Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

4 basic layers

A

Pericardium
Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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2
Q

Pericardium

A

Divided into two parts:

  1. Fibrous Pericardium
  2. Serous Pericardium
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3
Q

Fibrous Pericardium

A

Thick, fibrous layer that surrounds the entire pericardium

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4
Q

Serous Pericardium

A

Surrounds the fluid-filled pericardial space
Made up of two layers
1. Parietal pericardium
2. Visceral pericardium

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5
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Layer making up the superficial wall of the pericardial space

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6
Q

Visceral pericardium

A

Layer making up the deep wall of the pericardial space

Epicardium

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7
Q

Epicardium

A

The visceral pericardium
technically the thickest layer of the pericardium
Within the pericardial space is the pericardial fluid

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8
Q

Pericardial fluid

A

Helps protect the heart from external trauma

lubricates the mechanical components of the heart

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9
Q

Myocardium

A

The muscular layer of the heart
made up of cardiac muscle tissue
thickest layer

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10
Q

Why is the left ventricle thicker than the rest of the chambers?

A

Due to increased cardiac effort to pump blood to the rest of the body

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11
Q

Endocardium

A

The deepest layer of the heart

Lined with trabeculae

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12
Q

Trabeculae

A

Disrupts the smooth surface of the inner heart preventing unwanted suction
serves as the origin point of the chordae tendineae of the heart

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13
Q

Four chambers of the heart

A 
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Chambers are always filled with blood
Allows chambers to move blood whenever the heart pumps
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14
Q

When the heart pumps:

A
  • The atrium will contract first, pushing all blood into the ventricles
  • The ventricles contract and its contents are sent to either the lungs or the aorta
  • “lub-dub”
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15
Q

Interventricular septum

A

Separates the ventricles

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16
Q

Interatrial septum

A

Separates the atria

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17
Q

Valves

A
  • Open and close as the heart pumps
  • prevents blood from flowing backward
  • Two types of valves
  • Made of cusps
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18
Q

Atrioventricular valve

A

Lies between the atria and the ventricles

Contains two valves: Tricuspid and bicuspid

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19
Q

Semilunar valve

A

Lies between the ventricles and the external heart

Composed of two valves: Pulmonary valve and the Aortic valve

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20
Q

Cusps

A

Acts as a trap door
Opening and closing as needed
Every valve except the mitral valve contains three cusps

21
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

lies between the right atrium and the right ventricle

Always on the right

22
Q

Bicuspid valve

A

Mitral valve
Lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Always on the left

23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Lies between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
Closer to the sternum
Ventral

24
Q

Aortic valve

A

Lies between the left ventricle and the aorta

Dorsal

25
Q

Chordae Tendineae

A

Control the atrioventricular valves

tendon-like structure

26
Q

“Lub-Dub”

A

Lub=the atrioventricular valves shut close

Dub=Semilunar valves shut close

27
Q

Vena Cava

A

Largest vein in the body
Brings all blood back to the heart
Cranial vena cava and caudal vena cava both empty into the right atrium

28
Q

Aorta

A

The largest artery in the body

Leads blood from the heart to the rest of the body

29
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Brings blood from the heart to the lungs for gas exchange

unoxygenated blood

30
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Brings blood from the lungs to the heart after gas exchange has occurred
oxygenated blood

31
Q

Artery

A

A blood vessel that brings blood away from the heart and towards tissues

32
Q

Arteriole

A

A smaller artery

33
Q

Vein

A

A blood vessel that brings blood towards the heart and away from the tissues

34
Q

Venule

A

Smaller vein

35
Q

Capillary

A

The smallest blood vessels where molecular exchange occurs

Connect arterioles and venules together

36
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Supply blood to the heart

Branches from the aorta and wrap around the heart

37
Q

Vasa vasorum

A

Supplies blood to blood vessels

Stems from the walls of the arteries and returns immediately to the vessel wall

38
Q

Systole

A

The phase of the heartbeat where the chambers contract and expel blood from its cavity

39
Q

Diastole

A

The phase of the heartbeat where the chambers relax and allow blood to refill the cavity

40
Q

Cardiac conduction

A

Sinoatrial node
Atrioventricular node
Bundle of His
Purkinje fibers

41
Q

Cardiac conduction Impulse

A

Begins at the Sinoatrial node
Travels to the atrioventricular node which causes the atrium to contract
Travels down the bundle of His towards the apex
Then loops back up through the Purkinje fibers which causes the ventricles to contract

42
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Measures the electrical activity of the heart

43
Q

P-wave

A

atrial depolarization

44
Q

QRS complex

A

Ventricular depolarization

45
Q

T-wave

A

Ventricular repolarization

46
Q

VPC

A

Ventricular premature contraction

47
Q

V-fib

A

Ventricular fibrillation

electrical activities moving all over the heart instead of the normal flow

48
Q

Sinus Arrhythmia

A

With the animals breathing pattern

Anatomy and Physiology (36 decks)

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